智能创意时代的创造力培养——基于创客与创客教育的分析

Creativity Cultivation in the Intelligent Creativity Era——An Analysis Based on Maker and Maker Education

伴随世界范围内的创新、创业和智创高潮的到来,有人惊呼人类的危机也即将到来。智能机器人在思维的维度上将大大超越人类只是时间问题,但人工智能唯一难以超越的是人类的创造能力。智能创意时代如何保持人类的创造能力?如何培养有创造力的下一代?这不仅是教育界也是全人类共同关注的问题。创客作为21世纪最具创造力的人,其个性特征及心理与思维发展规律或可能为AI时代创造力培养提供借鉴。已有的研究表明,创客的大脑神经机制在情绪与注意力的表现上、在对复杂认知过程的协调和控制上能产生有目的性的行为调整,且可以对注意、工作记忆、决策、抑制和冲突等不同加工过程进行有机协调。因此,人工智能时代的创造力培养要注重对大脑和神经反馈的训练,一方面以创造性思维的神经机制为科学指导,通过虚实相结合的人机共育模式,全方位培养创造力;另一方面通过创客社区、DIY等方式,以创造过程的丰富体验来培养创造兴趣及自主创造力;另外,还要加强低龄阶段的创造性思维培养,为创造性思维习惯的形成与创造力发展奠定早期关键基础。

With the advent of innovation,entrepreneurship,and intelligent creativity around the world,some people are alarmed that the human crisis is coming.It is only a matter of time that intelligent robots will greatly exceed human in the dimension of thinking,but the only thing that cannot be surpassed by intelligent robots is the human creativity.How to maintain human creativity in the era of intelligent creativity and how to cultivate creative next generation are not only the common concerns of the education sector but also of all humankind.Maker is the most creative person in the 21st century.Its personality characteristics and development rules of psychology and thinking may provide a reference for creativity cultivating in the AI era.Previous studies have shown that the makers’brain neural mechanisms can produce targeted behavioral adjustments in the expression of emotions and attention,in the coordination and control of complex cognitive processes,and it can organically coordinate different processing procedures such as attention,working memory,decision-making,restraint and conflict,etc.Therefore,creativity cultivation in the artificial intelligence era should focus on the training of brain and neural feedback.On the one hand,with the neural mechanism of creative thinking as the scientific guidance,the creativity should be nurtured in all directions through the combination of virtual and practical human-computer cooperation.On the other hand,through maker communities,DIY and other ways,creative interest and independent creativity should be cultivated by the rich experience of creative process;In addition,we must also strengthen the cultivation of creative thinking in the younger stage,and lay an early and key foundation for the formation of creative thinking habits and the development of creativity.