巫觋信仰对象及其特征--以萨满和童乩为例的探讨

Object of Faith and Its Characteristics about Traditional Koradji Groups——The study of Shaman and Tang-ki

巫觋信仰产生于原始社会,巫者主要从事沟通人神关系的职能。萨满与童乩是现代巫觋的代表,对它们进行考察,可以窥见传统巫觋的一些特点。传统萨满崇拜自然(自然物与自然现象)与人(人物与人为现象),而瘟神与厉鬼、先巫与官方宗神、精魅与附会之神则是童乩主要奉祀的神灵。萨满与童乩的信仰对象具有驳杂性,细考之可以归纳出三个特征:神灵与人不必同形而必同性,"性"自然归指人性;神灵权能的发挥具有被动性与现实性;神灵道德属性的善恶双向性。

The koradji faith originated in the primitive society.Koradji groups were mainly engaged in the function of communicating the relationship between people and gods.The study of shaman and Tang-ki could understand the characteristics of traditional koradji groups because they are the representatives of modern koradji groups.Traditional shaman worships nature and people,including natural objects and natural phenomena,figures and human phenomena.The plague god and devil,dead koradji and religious gods,ghost and additional gods,these are object of faith of Tang-ki.Object of faith of shaman and Tang-ki is multifarious,but we can induce three characteristics.Firstly,gods and men must have the same disposition and they don't have to look the same.Secondly,the power of the gods is passive and realistic.Lastly,the moral attribute of the gods is good or evil.