论我国民事诉讼的证明标准

On the Proof Standards of Civil Action in China

我国《民事诉讼法》缺少对证明标准的规定,仅在2015年施行的《民诉法解释》中作了高度盖然性的规定。在司法实践中,我国通常按照中级、高级、初级盖然性这三个层次的标准解决民事案件认定事实的程度要求。尽管我国法律对证明标准的规定有所进步,但仍存在不足之处,比如缺乏立法规定,层次性规定不明确,相关规定不完善等。对此,应制定统一的《证据法》,在其中确立民事诉讼的证明标准;建立多层次的证明标准,以提高其可操作性;规范法官自由心证,抑制法官主观臆断。只有科学合理的民事诉讼证明标准,才能适应越来越多样化的我国社会现实需求。

China's"Civil Procedure Law"lacks the provisions on the standard of proof.Only in2015,the implement the Civil Procedure Law Interpretation in the proof of the standard made a high degree of speculation.In the judicial practice,China usually resolves the civil case in accordance with the three levels that are intermediate,advanced,primary level.Although the laws have made progress in the proof of the standards,there are still disadvantages,such as the lack of legislative provisions,the unclear level of the provision,the imperfect relevant provisions and so on.In this regard,we should establish a unified"evidence law"in which the establishment of civil litigation prove the standards;establish multi-level certification standards to improve its operability;regulate the judge free evidence;suppress the judge subjective assumptions.Only scientific and reasonable civil litigation proof standards can adapt to more and more diverse needs of our social reality.