徽州明清建筑雕塑艺术元素探析

An Analysis of the Artistic Elements of Architectural Sculpture in Ming and Qing Dynasties

古代徽州包括今天的安徽黄山地区、宣城地区的绩溪以及江西婺源,因为地处深山,很少受战争影响,从而成为中原富户躲避战争的去处,中原大量人口的涌入,带来了丰富的中原文化。明清时代,徽州人经商形成了徽商文化,徽州人都崇尚衣锦还乡,因此,富商和官僚在自己的故土上开始了园林建造,将自己的文化观念都投射到建筑上,使徽州明清建筑成为一种特殊的文化保留至今。这些文化特色集中于建筑雕塑——木雕、砖雕、石雕,从徽州"三雕艺术"元素中,可以看出徽州明清时代的人文思想、宗教信仰和民俗文化。

Ancient Huizhou includes today's Huangshan area in Anhui province,Jixi in Xuancheng area and Wuyuan in Jiangxi province.Because of its location in the mountains,it is seldom affected by the war,thus becoming the place where the rich in Central Plains dodge the war,bringing a wealth of central plains culture.In Ming and Qing Dynasties,Huizhou merchants formed Huizhou merchants'culture;Huizhou people advocate homecoming.Therefore,wealthy merchants and bureaucrats in their own homeland began garden architecture,their own cultural concepts are projected onto the building,making Huizhou Ming and Qing Dynasties architecture As a special kind of cultural reservation,these cultural features have focused on architectural sculpture-wood carving,brick carving,and stone carving.From the artistic elements of the three carvings in Huizhou,we can see the humanistic thoughts,religious beliefs and folk-custom culture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.