烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体及其相关疾病

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Diseases

烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nicotinic acetylcholine receptors,nAChRs)属于配体门控离子通道,广泛分布于中枢神经系统、周围神经系统和肌肉组织非神经系统中,不同的亚基组成形式决定了其对激动剂或拮抗剂不同的亲和力。近期的研究表明,n ACh Rs与神经痛、帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病(老年痴呆症)以及小细胞肺癌、乳腺癌、宫颈癌等多种疾病的病理进程息息相关。该文就几种疾病与nAChRs结构、功能及其二者相关性进行综述,并重点阐述n ACh Rs介导的α-芋螺毒素抗肿瘤研究进展,以期为芋螺毒素的抗肿瘤药物的研发提供理论依据。

Nicotine acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs)belong to the ligand gated ion channels,which are expressed not only in nervous systems,but also in non-nervous system.The different subunit composition forms decide the different affinity of agonist and antagonist.In fact,nAChRs have been found not only to perform their classic function at neuromuscular junctions,but also to function in the regulation of numerous central nervous system,such as voluntary movement,memory,addiction,etc.In addition,nAChR is related to pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of neuralgia,Parkinson's,Alzheimer's disease,small cell lung cancer,breast cancer,cervical cancer and other diseases.The paper review the correlation of a variety of diseases and nAChRs structure,function,and expounds nAChRs mediated theα-CTx antitumor research progress,in order to provide theoretical basis for research and development of cone snails toxin antitumor drugs.