肾病综合征患儿尿路感染的相关因素分析与护理对策

Analysis of related factors of urinary tract infection in children with nephrotic syndrome and its nursing countermeasures

目的:探讨影响肾病综合征患儿尿路感染的危险因素,并探讨相应的护理方法。方法:我院2013年6月至2015年6月接收肾病综合征患儿80例,根据患儿是否并发尿路感染将其分成试验组和对照组,试验组为肾病综合征并发尿路感染的患儿,对照组为肾病综合征无并发尿路感染的患儿;对两组患儿的年龄、性别、发病时长、糖皮质激素的使用情况、过往病史、24 h内尿蛋白量、血浆白蛋白水平、住院时间、是否使用抗菌药物等信息进行采集分析,通过单因素分析与logistic多因素回归分析处理数据,探讨肾病综合征并发尿路感染的影响因素;并对患者主要病原菌的构成进行统计分析。结果:患儿24 h内尿蛋白量≥100 mg/kg、血浆白蛋白<20 g/L、激素使用时间≥15 d、使用两种以上抗生素及住院时间≥15 d是肾病综合征伴发尿路感染的主要影响因素;G-菌是尿路感染的主要致病菌。结论:临床上对肾病综合征并发尿路感染的患儿进行护理时,要尤其警惕以上危险因素,正确使用激素或抗生素类药物,提高治疗与预后质量。

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of urinary tract infection in children with nephrotic syndrome and to explore the corresponding nursing methods.Methods:A total of 80 cases of children with nephrotic syndrome that enrolled in our hospital from June 2013 to June 2015 were selected as research target.The children were divided into experimental group and control group according to whether they had complicated urinary tract infection.The experimental group consisted of children with complicated nephrotic syndrome and urinary tract infection.Children in the control group had nephrotic syndrome without complicated urinary tract infections.The age,gender,duration of disease attack,use of glucocorticoids,history of past events,urinary protein levels within 24 hours,plasma albumin level,length of stay and whether antibacterial drugs were used for collection in the two groups were analyzed.These data were processed by single factor analysis and logistic multivariate regression analysis to investigate the influencing factors of nephrotic syndrome complicated by urinary tract infections,and the composition of major pathogenic bacteria was analyzed.Results:The main influencing factors of the nephrotic syndrome with urinary tract infection included that the urinary protein was greater than or equal to 100 mg/kg within 24 hours,the plasma albumin was less than 20 g/L,the hormone use time was greater than or equal to 15 days,and two or more antibiotics and hospitalization time was greater than or equal to 15 days.The G-bacteria is the main cause of urinary tract infection.Conclusion:When clinically nursing children with nephrotic syndrome complicated with urinary tract infections,we must be particularly alert to the above risk factors.The correct use of hormones or antibiotics can improve the quality of treatment and prognosis.