从选本编纂看桐城派骈散观的演进

A historical study of Tongcheng School's editing of anthologies and its criteria for parallel prose and prose

骈散之争是清代文章学领域的核心议题,以古文擅场的桐城派对待骈散二体的态度是清代骈散之争的重要构成,亦是桐城派文章观念的重要体现。而桐城派文章选本系列则集中反映了桐城派骈散观念的演进:前期选本编纂出于创派垂统的需求,尊古文为文章正宗,轻视和排斥骈体;后期选本编选受嘉道以降文坛沟通骈散潮流的影响,在维护古文正统的同时,部分选本对骈文采取了较为开放的态度,或骈散兼收,或在评点中打通骈散,甚至专选骈文。桐城文士沟通骈散的目的并不是要完全消泯二者的界限,而是欲通过骈散互参更好地完善古文创作,或以古文之气改造和提升骈文品格。他们秉承了古代文体互参中"以高行卑"的体位原则,认为以散运骈明显高于以骈济散。

The debate on parallel prose and prose was the core topic in the field of prose theory in the Qing dynasty.The attitude to this debate by Tongcheng School which was good at prose was not only an important part of the prose theory in the Qing dynasty,but also an important manifestation of the essay-writing criterion of Tongcheng School.The series of prose anthologies of Tongcheng School reflected its conceptual evolution of essays.In the early period,aiming at founding a prose school,Tongcheng School treated prose as orthodox in the editing of anthologies,and slighting and excluding parallel prose.But later,influenced by the trend of harmonizing parallel prose and prose coming after the Jiaqing and Daoguang Period of the Qing dynasty,some of the anthologies became more open to their editing standards for parallel prose while defending the prose’s orthodox position,such as selecting both parallel prose and prose,treating parallel prose and prose equally in their comments,and even selecting the parallel prose only.Their purpose of the harmonizing parallel prose and prose was not eliminating their boundaries,but learning from each other for improving prose writing.They inherited the principle of“intertextual acceptance”of ancient works,and thought that the revising of parallel prose with prose principles was obviously better,not the vice versa.