城市民俗的中国渊源与城市民俗学的兴起

The Chinese origin of urban folk customs and the emergence of urban folklore

随着现代化和城市化进程的不断推进,城市生活逐渐成为人类生活的主流模式,民俗学应该把对城市民俗文化的研究纳入视野。城市民俗是以空间观念来划分的一种民俗类型,产生于研究者研究之前。中国在商周时期就出现了城,城市民俗应运而生。城市民俗是现代的、前导的,对周边的农村和乡镇起着引领作用和辐射作用,它具有集中性、开放性、融合性等多种特征。虽然城市民俗作为民俗学一个重要研究对象的历史并不长,但已引起国内外众多学者关注并呈现部分成果。城市民俗学是民俗学科适应时代和社会发展的需要提出的,有其特定语境。城市民俗研究的领域非常广泛,应正确把握其研究领域、方法和趋势。

With the on-going modernization and urbanization,urban life has gradually become the mainstream mode of human life.Folklore should take the study of urban folk customs into consideration.Urban folk customs which are in existence before their researchers are a folkloric type determined by the spatial concept.The Chinese city appeared in the Shang and Zhou dynasties,with which the urban folk customs came into being.Nowadays,urban folk customs are modern and avant-garde with the features of centrality,openness and assimilation,and plays a leading role in influencing the surrounding countryside,that is,villages and towns.Although the study of urban folk customs as an important research object of folklore is not long,it has aroused the concern of many scholars at home and abroad who have already had some research findings.The urban folklore has emerged in the special historical context to meet the needs of the times and social development,and has rich research implications which require a proper grasp of its research fields,methods and trends.