当代马来西亚政教关系研究——以伊斯兰法律地位的变迁为视角

Religion and Politics in Malaysia: Case Study on the Development of Islamic Legal Positions

在保障宗教自由的前提下,马来西亚在独立时立伊斯兰为官方宗教。惟马哈蒂尔统治时期通过大规模的伊斯兰化政策和伊斯兰法律体制的改革,大举提高了伊斯兰教的法律地位,其对国内穆斯林的日常生活形成严密的规范,也严重冲击马来西亚的世俗化体制。但是,实施日渐保守和严厉的伊斯兰规范使得宗教激进主义逐渐发展成为普及马来社会的意识形态,执政党巫统反而日渐受制于伊斯兰化的草根力量,近年来进一步向宗教激进主义靠拢。为今之计,马来苏丹、巫统开明的党领袖和元老、誓言维护世俗体制的其他政党领袖、开明的政府官僚和知识分子成为防止马来西亚世俗体制进一步变化的最后一道防线。

With the assurance of religious freedom in the country,Islam has been enacted as official religion of Malaysia since independence.However,the state runs Islamisation policies as well as the reformations on Islamic legal institutions during Mahathir’s administration have resulted in a massive enhancement on the position of Islamic law.Thus,they paved the way on rigorous control toward Muslim daily life and caused a huge impact to the state’s secular system.Meanwhile due to the implementation of harsher and conservative Islamic law,Islamic fundamentalism has gradually emerged as the major and common ideology in Malay society.As such,the ruling party UMNO was increasingly affected by the Islamic grassroots and tends to compromise with the fundamentalist.This study argues that the Malay sultans,liberal leaders and veterans inside UMNO,other parties leaders which engaged in preserving the secular features of the country,as well as the liberal government bureaucrats and intellectuals can serve as the last defense in preventing the further deteriorating of Malaysian secular system.