国际足联道德委员会司法程序的正当性审视

Review of Legitimacy of Due Process of FIFA Ethics Committee

正当程序是司法公正的前提,也是体育组织自治的必然要求。国际足联内部司法程序构建中,道德委员会行使司法调查与裁决职能,内部设置"两院一体"的架构体系,并有明确的管辖权利与程序步骤。但在具体的司法实践中,道德委员会诉讼程序与正规司法程序有很多冲突,具体如:不符合正当程序"听证"与"理由说明"核心要素的要求;违反"当事人参与平等"、"法官中立"、"公开透明"、"终局安定"等程序原则。通过对国际足联司法程序正当性的审视,为中国足协道德委员会司法程序的构建与运作提供了思路与对策。

Due process is the prerequisite of judicial impartiality,and it is also the inevitable requirement of the autonomy of sports organizations.FIFA internal judicial process is executed by its Ethics Committee,which exercises the function of judicial investigation and adjudication,sets up the system of“two houses in one”,and has clear jurisdictional rights and procedural steps.However,in specific judicial practice,there are many conflicts between the proceedings of the Ethics Committee and the formal judicial procedure.It cannot conform to due process of“hearing”and“reason explanation”,violates the core elements of the requirements as well as the procedural principles of“party participation equality”,“judge neutrality”,“openness and transparency”,and“final stability”.The examination of the legitimacy of the internal judicial procedure of FIFA provides a feasible thought and countermeasure for the construction and operation of the judicial procedure of the Chinese Football Association Ethics Committee.