上海市松江区老年失智现况及相关因素分析

Senile dementia status and its related factors in Songjiang District, Shanghai

【目的】了解上海市松江区老年失智的患病现况及相关因素分析。【方法】采用多阶段随机抽样方法选择松江区≥60岁居民作为调查对象,收集性别、年龄及健康状况信息,使用记忆障碍筛查量表(AD-8)和简易智能精神状态检查量表(MMSE)筛查老年失智患者,并进行统计学分析。【结果】共收到有效问卷4 045份,老年失智患者173例,检出率为4.2%,随着年龄升高而增加(χ_(趋势)~2=187.373,P=0.000)。女性失智检出率高于男性(4.8%,3.4%,χ~2=5.019,P=0.025)。不同教育程度、婚姻状态、生活方式,其老年失智患病率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);脑卒中患者老年失智检出率高于无脑卒中者(χ~2=17.461,P=0.000),其他慢性病未见与老年失智患病率有关。经过多因素回归分析,发现年龄和脑卒中(中风)是老年人失智的危险因素。【结论】与老年失智患病相关的因素有年龄、性别、婚姻状态及锻炼和读书看报等,可通过加强健康宣传和教育,促进老年人健康的生活方式来积极预防老年失智的发生或延缓疾病进程,减轻该病造成的疾病负担。

[Objective]To access the prevalence of dementia and asociated factors in elderly people in Songjiang District,Shanghai.[Methods]Subjects aged 60 years and over were selected by multi-stage random sampling in this study.Questionnaire was used to collect the information about gender,age,and health status.The AD-8 and MMSE were adopted for screening senile dementia patients.And the result was statistically analyzed.[Results]Among 4 050 subjects,173 were found to have dementia,the detection rate being 4.2%,and increased with ageing(x2=187.37,P=0?000).The detection rate of dementia in females(4.8%)was higher than that in males'3.4%)(x2=5.019,P=0.025).And the prevalence of dementia was found to be varied with different educational levels,marriage status,and Senile dementia patients with stroke had higher detection rates than those without(;!=17.461,-=0?000).There were no different detection rates fund in dementia between elderly disease and those without,except stroke patients'x2=17.461,P=0.000).Finally,age and stroke were found to be risl factors for dementia by multifactor regression analysis.[Conclusion]The occurrence of senile dementia results from different factors,such as age,gender,marital status,exercise and with or without reading habits.We should take different measures corresponding to different factors.Of all factors,ageingis irreversible process!but we could change the way of life in elderly people to control prevent senile dementia.