氨基酸水溶肥与菌剂配施对松花菜生长及土壤生态特征的作用效果

Effects of water-soluble fertilizer and microbial agents combined application on the growth of cauliflower and soil ecological characteristics

为研究氨基酸水溶肥、微生物菌剂单施及其配施对设施松花菜生长及其土壤生态特征的作用效果,本研究采用田间小区试验,试验设置5个处理(CK.对照(不施肥);M.施用菌剂;A.施用氨基酸水溶肥;AM.氨基酸水溶肥与菌剂配施;F.常规施肥),在松花菜成熟期测量经济产量、生物产量与土壤生态特征指标。结果表明:1)处理AM的经济产量最高,比对照显著提高了46.07%,增产效果最好,同时,配施处理的松花菜经济系数、肥料农学效率均达到最高;2)菌剂处理M和配施处理AM对提高土壤速效钾含量、速效磷含量以及土壤碱性磷酸酶活性效果较好,氨基酸水溶肥处理A和配施处理AM可有效提高土壤蔗糖酶活性;3)处理AM大幅增加了土壤微生物种群的丰富度,而常规施肥处理的土壤微生物丰富度指数和多样性指数均大幅降低,同时,不同施肥处理之间土壤菌群结构上产生了较大的变化,形成了常规处理下以海单胞菌属为优势菌,其余处理以假单胞菌属为优势菌群的分布特征。本试验结果表明氨基酸水溶肥与微生物菌剂配施在设施松花菜上推广应用是可行的。这项施肥技术不仅显著提高了松花菜的经济产量、肥料农学效率,还活化了土壤磷钾养分,替代了部分化肥的投入,提升了土壤生物指标,达到了设施蔬菜节本增效的目的。

The effects of water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids,microbial agents single application and combined application on the growth of facility cauliflower and soil ecological characteristics were studied through field experiments.Five fertilization treatments were designed as follow;CK(no fertilizer),M(single microbial agents),A(single water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids),AM(single water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids and microbial agents combined application)and F(regular fertilizers).The economic yield,biological yield and soil ecological characteristics were measured at the mature stage of cauliflower.The results showed that,1)the economic yield of the AM treatment was the highest,increased by 46.07%compared with the CK treatment.The economic coefficient of cauliflower and agronomic efficiency were the highest.2)The treatments of M and AM could improve the content of soil available P and available K.The activity of the alkaline phosphatase in the soil was increased.The treatments of A and AM improve effectively soil invertase activity.3)The treatment of AM significantly increased the richness of the soil microbial populations.Microbial richness index and diversity index of the treatment of F were significantly reduced.The structure of soil bacteria with different treatments was changed greatly.Oceanimonas was the dominant fungi of the F treatment.But other treatments were dominated by Pseudomonas.It is feasible to use Water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids and microbial agents combined application on growth of cauliflower.This fertilizer technology not only significantly increased the economic yield,fertilizer agronomic efficiency,but also activated soil phosphorus and potassium nutrients,which replaced some chemical fertilizer inputs and improved soil biological indicators.