西南桦幼林氮磷钾肥添加微量元素配方施肥效果分析

Effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers adding microelements formula fertilization on growth of young Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don plantations

【目的】探讨在氮磷钾肥中添加微量元素进行配方施肥对西南桦幼林生长的影响,为营造西南桦人工丰产林提供参考依据。【方法】设西南桦幼树每株施用有效成分总含量为45%的氮磷钾肥0.5 kg及分别添加10.0 g硼或10.0 g硼+5.0 g铜9个配方施肥处理,分析各处理幼树的树高、胸径和单株材积。【结果】施用不添加微量元素的氮磷钾肥可极显著促进2年生西南桦幼林的树高生长(P<0.01,下同),对胸径和单株材积生长虽有促进作用但效果不明显;在氮磷钾肥中分别添加硼或硼+铜,可显著(P<0.05,下同)或极显著促进2年生西南桦幼林树高、胸径和单株材积生长;氮磷钾肥、氮磷钾肥+硼及氮磷钾肥+硼+铜3类配方施肥处理的西南桦幼林平均单株材积生长量比值为1.0∶1.2∶1.4,其中以磷、钾含量较高的氮磷钾肥+硼+铜的效果最明显。相关性分析结果表明,进行氮磷钾肥+硼或+铜配方施肥西南桦幼树的树高、胸径和单株材积间呈极显著正相关。【结论】在氮磷钾肥中添加微量元素硼或硼+铜进行配方施肥对2年生西南桦幼林生长均有促进作用,尤其以磷、钾含量较高的氮磷钾肥+硼+铜的施肥效果更佳。

【Objective】The effects of microelements added to nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)fertilizers on Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don young forest were researched in order to supply reference for B.alnoides high-yield plantation production.【Method】Nine treatments were set,0.5 kg N,P and K fertilizers containing 45%effective componets for single B.alnoides and each fertilizer adding 10.0 g boron(B)and 10.0 g B+5.0 g cuprum(Cu).Average height,average diameter at breast high(DBH)and average individual volume of treated B.alnoides were analyzed.【Result】The effects of N,P and K fertilizer without microelements on height of B.alnoides young forest was extremely significant(P<0.01,the same below).However,their effects on promoting growth of DBH and individual volume were not significant.N,P and K fertilizers with B or N,P and K fertilizers with B+Cu had significantly(P<0.05,the same below)or extremely significantly effects on height,DBH and individual volume of 2-year B.alnoides young forest.The individual volume growth ratio of B.alnoides which were treated by three kinds of fertilizer formula(N,P and K fertilizers,N,P and K fertilizers+B,N,P and K fertilizers+B+Cu)was 1.0∶1.2∶1.4,and the effects of N,P and K fertilizers+B+Cu fertilizer with high contents of P and K elements were better than others treatments.Correlation analysis indicated that there was extremely positive correlation among plant height,DBH and individual volume of B.alnoides forest treated by N,P and K fertilizers+Bor+Cu.【Conclusion】Macroelements B+Cu elements added to N,P and K fertilizers improve the growth of 2-year B.alnoides young forest,especially N,P and K fertilizer+B+Cu with high contents of P and K elements.