淡水石斑鱼与3种罗非鱼肌肉营养成分的分析比较

Nutrient compositions in muscle of Cichlasoma managuense and three tilapia species

【目的】评估淡水石斑鱼的营养价值,为其生产加工和品质改良提供科学依据,从而推进淡水石斑鱼产业的可持续发展。【方法】选取淡水石斑鱼及3种罗非鱼(奥尼罗非鱼、吉富罗非鱼和红罗非鱼)为研究对象,通过肌肉营养成分分析比较,评价淡水石斑鱼肌肉的营养价值。【结果】淡水石斑鱼肌肉的粗蛋白含量为19.57 g/100 g,与吉富罗非鱼相近,显著高于红罗非鱼(P<0.05,下同);其粗脂肪含量显著高于3种供试罗非鱼,具体排序为:淡水石斑鱼>吉富罗非鱼>奥尼罗非鱼>红罗非鱼。从淡水石斑鱼和3种供试罗非鱼的肌肉中均可检测出17种氨基酸,其中含有人体必需氨基酸(EAA)7种;在氨基酸组成上,4种供试鱼肌肉中含量最高的是谷氨酸(Glu),最低的是半胱氨酸(Cys);淡水石斑鱼的必需氨基酸总量(ΣEAA)与红罗非鱼相当,显著低于奥尼罗非鱼和吉富罗非鱼;对应的必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)分别为淡水石斑鱼82.56,奥尼罗非鱼82.00,吉富罗非鱼84.00,红罗非鱼85.10。除淡水石斑鱼肌肉中的亚麻酸含量显著高于奥尼罗非鱼外,硬脂酸、软脂酸、油酸和亚油酸含量均显著低于3种供试罗非鱼。4种供试鱼肌肉中富含常量元素和微量元素,以钾(K)元素含量最高,其次是磷(P)元素,铜(Cu)元素含量最低。【结论】淡水石斑鱼属于高蛋白低脂肪的优质淡水鱼,其组成氨基酸种类齐全,配比合适,脂肪酸中亚麻酸含量较高,常量及微量元素种类丰富,属于较优质的食物蛋白源。

【Objective】The main objective of this study was to evaluate the muscle nutrient value of Cichlasoma managuense,provided reference for further studies such as agricultural food processing and muscle quality improvement and promoted sustainable development of C.managuense industry.【Method】C.managuense and three tilapia fishes(Oreochromis niloticus♀×O.aureus♂,O.niloticus and red tilapia)were selected as experimental subjects.Through muscle nutritient components comparison,muscle nutritional value of C.managuense was evaluated.【Result】The content of crude protein in C.managuense was 19.57 g/100 g,which was close to that of O.niloticus and significantly higher than that of red tilapia(P<0.05,the same below).The content of crude fat in C.managuense was significantly higher than that in three species of tilapia,and the rank was as follows:C.managuense>O.niloticus>O.niloticus♀×O.aureus♂>red tilapia.Seventeen amino acids were detected from muscle of C.managuense and three tilapia species,including seven essential amino acids(EAA).In terms of the composition,in the four fishes,the content of glutamic acid(Glu)was the highest and cysteine(Cys)the lowest.The total amount of essential amino acid(ΣEAA)in C.managuense was similar to that in red tilapia and significantly lower than that in O.niloticus♀×O.aureus♂and O.niloticus.The essential amino acid index(EAAI)was 82.56 for C.managuense,82.00 for O.niloticus♀×O.aureus♂,84.00 for O.niloticus,85.10 for red tilapia.The content of linolenic acid in C.managuense was significantly higher than that in O.niloticus♀×O.aureus♂,while the contents of stearic acid,palmitic acid,oleic acid and linoleic acid were significantly lower than that in three tilapias.All of the experimental subjects were rich in macroelements and microelement.Potassium(K)and phosphorus(P)were abundant in all these fishes,while copper(Cu)content was the lowest.【Conclusion】C.managuense is a high quality freshwater fish with high protein content and low fat,abundant amino acids with proper proportion,high linolenic acid content,rich macroelement and microelement.It is a fine food protein source.