飞机静电放电刷静电放电特性的试验研究

Test research on electrostatic discharging characteristic of aircraft static discharger

静电沉积威胁飞机飞行安全,静电放电刷是泄放飞机静电的重要器件。文章设计了飞机静电放电刷静电放电特性试验系统,研究了某型飞机静电放电刷的静电泄放特性。结果表明:静电放电刷的静电泄放存在阈值现象,仅当施加电压高于放电阈值时,才可观测到明显的放电电流,且电压-电流关系可由抛物线曲线描述;对受试放电刷,负极性阈值电压为21.91kV,正极性的阈值电压为25.12kV,并在施加40kV负极性电压下,放电电流达到20.99μA,满足静电泄放对放电电流的要求。此外,通过测量静电放电的噪声电压波形,分析获得了受试静电放电刷的射频噪声特性,发现受试放电刷的放电脉冲间隔为1~2μs,单次脉宽为0.1~0.2μs,噪声频谱主要分布于1 MHz以内,且频谱强度变化减弱较为平稳。研究结果可为飞机静电放电刷设计、试验及鉴定提供有益参考。

Electrostatic precipitation is one of the major threats to aircraft flight safety.As an important protective device,static discharger is used to release electrostatic and reduce hazard.The electrostatic discharge testing system of static discharger was designed and established,and the discharging characteristic of an aircraft static discharger was researched.The results indicate that there is threshold effect for the electrostatic release of static discharger,the discharging current is considerable only when the applied voltage is larger than the threshold voltage,and the voltage-current relationship can be described by parabolic function.The negative polarity threshold is 21.91 kV,and the positive threshold is 25.12 kV for the discharger under test.The discharging current is 20.99μA when applying negative polarity voltage of 40 kV,indicating that the discharger under test satisfies the requirement of discharging current.Besides,radio frequency noise characteristic of the discharger under test was also analyzed and obtained by measuring the noise voltage of electrostatic discharge.With the noise voltage measurement,it is found that the pulse separation is about 1-2μs,the pulse width is about 0.1-0.2μs,the noise spectrum spreads mainly below 1 MHz,and the spectrum intensity decreases smoothly.The investigation result can provide useful references for the design,test and qualification of aircraft static discharger.