MicroRNA的生物学功能及其与肿瘤诊断和治疗的研究进展

Progress on Biological Functions of MicroRNA and Its Diagnosis and Treatment in Tumor

MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类真核生物中长度为19~25个核苷酸的非编码小RNA分子,具有高度的保守性。miRNA在生物体内普遍存在,与mRNA不完全互补结合使真核生物体内mRNA降解或抑制其翻译,使其在转录后水平调控基因的表达。近年来已发现了大量的miRNA分子,它们在序列、结构、表达及功能等方面都不同程度地表现出了多样性,在生命活动中起着重要作用,与基因表达、生长、发育和行为等都密切相关。miRNA作用机制的深入研究对疾病的诊断、治疗和预后以及基因药物、肿瘤的研究都有十分重要的意义。miRNA领域的研究已成为热点,学术界正围绕着miRNA靶基因的分离和miRNA真实的生物功能展开深入的研究。其中,miRNA与肿瘤的发生和发展的关系十分密切。论文对miRNA的生物学功能及其与肿瘤诊断、治疗、预后的临床应用进行综述。

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are non-coding small RNA molecules with a length of 19 to 25 nucleotides in eukaryotes.They are highly conserved.MiRNAs are prevalent in organisms and are not fully complementary to mRNA to attenuate or inhibit the expression of mRNA in the nucleus of the eukaryotes.A large number of miRNA molecules have been found,which exhibit diversity in terms of sequence,structure,expression and function,and are likely to play an important role in life activities.They are important for gene expression,growth,development and behavior and so on.The in-depth study of the mechanism of miRNAs is of great significance in the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of diseases and the research of gene drugs and tumors.At present,miRNA research has come to the molecular level.The academic community is studying the miRNA target gene separation and miRNA real biological function.Among them,the relationship between miRNA and tumor occurrence and development is very close.This article reviewed the biological function of miRNA and tumor diagnosis,treatment,prognosis of clinical applications.