重庆主城区野生草本种类构成及分布特征

On Species Composition and Distribution of Wild Herbs in Central Districts of Chongqing

以重庆主城区城市陆生生境中野生草本为研究对象,结合重庆主城的自然地理特征,开展调查研究.调查发现野生草本植物234种,隶属于53科166属,乡土植物的比例为85.90%.通过对重庆主城区野生草本种类构成及分布特征进行分析,结果表明:(1)各生境类型野生草本物种数从大到小依次为荒草地(W)、林缘林间隙(F)、建设闲废地(C)、道路边坡(S)和园林(G);就样方平均物种数而言,各生境间存在显著性差异,其中荒草地的样方平均物种数最高而道路边坡最低.(2)不同生境间物种相似度不高,以园林与建设闲废地间相似度最低.(3)随着分布生境类型数增加,野生草本物种数递减.(4)黄鹌菜、异叶黄鹌菜、蒲儿根、野菊、狗尾草和蜈蚣草等植物在多种生境中均表现优势.

This paper is a study of wild herbs in central districts of Chongqing.Through the survey,234 kinds of wild herbs have been found to belong to 53 families and 166 genera.And the native plants accounted for 85.90%.According to the analysis of wild herbs species composition and distribution characteristics,the results are as follows:1)Different habitats of wild herbs species richness:wild grass ground>forest edge and clearance>construction idle land>road slope>garden.As for the samples average species,there are significant differences among different habitats.Among them the sample average species of wild grass ground is highest and road slope's is the lowest.2)The Jaccard similarity of wild herbs species among different habitats is not high,and the lowest similarity is between garden and construction idle land.3)With the increase of the number of habitats,species decline.4)Youngia japonica,Youngia heterophylla,Sinosenecio oldhamianus,Dendranthema indicum,Setaria viridis,Pteris vittata and other plants performance advantage in a variety of habitats.