中国大陆和香港地区民用建筑疏散通道设计规范的对比与仿真验证

Comparison of Codes in China's Mainland and Hong Kong Area on Means of Escape from Civil Buildings and Verification via Simulation

为研究世界不同地区民用建筑防火规范中对疏散通道设计相关规定的差异性及其对消防评估结果的影响,以中国大陆地区和中国香港地区为例,针对两地的民用建筑防火规范中对建筑物内楼梯数量以及疏散通道相关参数的不同规定,构建了两个多层居住建筑应急疏散场景,使用AnyLogic软件对两个场景进行了仿真模拟计算,并将不同规范的差异所导致的结果进行了量化比较。结果表明两地的民用建筑防火规范在体系结构与适用对象、人员载荷设定以及疏散通道设计等方面都存在不同:(1)在人员载荷设置的计算系数上有很大不同;(2)对安全出口数量的设置方法、对疏散通道和疏散单元宽度的计算方法也存在差异;(3)中国香港地区的规范对人员疏散方面的规定更有针对性且要求更明确,相比之下,中国大陆地区的规范为性能化防火设计留下了更多根据实际情况灵活处理的空间。

It is of great importance to study the differences of fire protection codes in different districts of the world,especially the codes on emergency evacuation for fire protection design and assessment of buildings.Taking China's Mainland and Hong Kong area as examples,this paper constructs two emergency evacuation scenarios of multi-story residential buildings based on the emergency evacuation codes of the two districts,especially the clauses about the number of stairs and other parameters on evacuation path.The two scenarios are simulated by the AnyLogic software and compared quantitatively.The results show that the codes of the two districts are different in terms of the code system structure,the scope of applicability,the occupant load setup and the evacuation path design.Specifically,there are significant differences in the calculation factors of occupant loads of building,the design of the number of the safety exits as well as in the calculation methods of widths of evacuation paths and relevant building elements.The evacuation codes of Hong Kong area focuses more on the topic and more specific in the requirements of evacuation,while codes of China's Mainland leaves more flexibilities and space for performance fire safety design.