意境空间与性情涵养--清末修身教科书插图中的德育内涵

The Space of Artistic Conception and the Nourishing of Temperament——The Implication of Moral Education in the Illustrations of Self-cultivation Textbooks in the Late Qing Dynasty

清末修身教科书插图延续了中国叙事性绘画的"图像教化"传统,通过故事情景、居室建筑、比德物象的描绘,将修身的人文内蕴视觉化,营造出一种审美性的意境空间,适于学生涵泳把玩。这体现出传统德育重视性情涵养、情境化育的理念。清末以后,德育范式从"性情涵养"转变为"行为训育",教科书中图像的教化地位下降。插图的数量和品质都有所降低,趋向简练直白,更突显人物的具体行为,场景线索隐没,涵养意味淡化。这使得插图能够更为直接地传达教育目标,但同时图像丰富的"化育"功能变得单一。在今天的"视觉时代",图像的教化意义重新得以凸显。清末的修身教科书插图对今天教科书插图乃至教育图像创作具有参考价值。

The illustrations of self-cultivation textbooks in the late Qing Dynasty continued the imagery edification tradition of Chinese narrative illustration.Through the depiction of narrative scene,buildings and images with profound morality,the illustrations visualize the humanistic connotation of self-cultivation and provide an artistic conception space for students to appreciate.It reflects that the traditional moral education emphasized temperament nourishing and situational indoctrination.After the late Qing dynasty,moral education paradigm changed from“nourishing temperament”to“training behavior”,then the edificatory status of the illustrations in textbooks declined.The number and quality of the illustrations were reduced.The images became more concise and straightforward,highlighting the specific behavior of the characters,with the scenes clues disappeared and the nourishing connotation diluted.Although it makes the illustrations more direct to convey the education target,the rich edificatory function of images became onefold.In today’s visual age,the significance of imagery edification has been highlighted again.The illustrations of self-cultivation textbooks in the late Qing Dynasty provide useful reference for today’s creation of the textbook illustrations,or even the educational images.