张楚廷《人论》的教育学意蕴

The Pedagogical Implications of Zhang Chuting's Book of An Essay on Man

《人论》是张楚廷先生哲学论著的代表作,也是迄今为止,我国第一部系统地、深刻地论述"人"的哲学著作。只有了解"人"是什么,才能更好地施行教育,所以《人论》可以称得上是"教育理论之根"。《人论》中蕴含着丰富的教育思想,其代表性的两点体现在:其一,教育视角下的"我"。人可以分为自然我、受教我、自教我以及超然我,这四种境界显示了人在教育下变化发展的规律。其二,"反身"教育理论。反身不仅包括认知反身,还包括非认知反身,针对当前教育忽视非认知领域的状况进行批判、反思。

An Essay on Man is the representative work of Zhang Chuting’s philosophical works,which is also the first philosophical work that discusses“man”systematically and deeply in China.Only by knowing what“man”is,can we carry out education better.Therefore,An Essay on Man can be regarded as“the root of the educational theory”.In the rich educational ideas of An Essay on Man,the paper chooses two points to explain deeply.First,“myself”under the view of education:a man could be divided into natural self,be educated self,taught self and transcendental self from the view of education,which shows the developing law of man under education.Second,the theory of“reflection”education:the“reflection”not only includes the cognition reflection,but also includes the non-cognition reflection.The current situation of education ignoring the non-cognition reflection should be criticized and rethought.