湖北各地的青苗会及其相关祭祀习俗

On the Green Crops Rituals and the Relevant Sacrificial Customs in Different Places of Hubei Province

青苗会是对应稻麦种植、生长的自然过程,在春祈、秋报大仪式的时空框架中进行的祭祀活动。湖北山区、丘陵地区粮食作物有稻、麦双熟,平原地区多以两季水稻为主,青苗会及两端的春祈、秋报仪式普遍存在。通过归纳《中国地方志民俗资料汇编》(中南卷·上)、《湖北民俗志》中的湖北各地青苗会文献,再现其历史上曾经存在的概貌和大致规律。青苗会活动大致分为三个时间段:正月十五前后至二月初、三月底到四月、五月底到八月初。从有关的古代典籍中梳理了青苗会相应的历史渊源,及其在民间的一些流变,具有丰富的文化内涵。

The green crops ritual is usually held when farmers pray in spring or offer thanks in fall.In Hubei’s mountainous and hilly places,rice and wheat are harvested twice a year,and the rice in plain is harvested twice a year,too,so the green crops ritual is quite common in these areas.By studying the Compiled Data of Chinese Local Chronicles(Central South Volume 1)and History of Folklore in Hubei,the author tries to draw a general picture and rule of how this green crops ritual is held in different places in Hubei.As our study suggests,the ritual can be held as early as in lunar January,and stops in lunar September at the latest.And it usually lasts from the fifteenth day of the first lunar month to the beginning of lunar February,or from the end of lunar March to lunar April,or from the end of lunar May to the beginning of lunar August.This paper takes a look into the historical origin of this ritual and its later change,thus makes out its full and rich cultural connotations.