论准备实施恐怖活动罪——形式预备罪说之展开

On the crime of preparing for terrorist activities——unfolding of formalized preparation crime

《刑法修正案(九)》第7条增设了准备实施恐怖活动罪,由于其不具备类型化的实行行为、不存在独立的构成要件,并不是实质预备罪,而只能认定为形式预备罪。该罪的增设不产生预备行为实行化的法律效果。刑法分则对其特别规定只是预备罪的独立量刑规则,因此该罪不存在预备、未遂等停止形态,相较于刑法总则规定的普遍处罚的预备罪,不属于法益保护早期化的立法模式,并未导致刑法处罚范围的扩大化。此外,准备实施恐怖活动罪作为预备罪的独立量刑规则,对实施该罪之行为进行教唆、帮助的教唆者、帮助者由于不存在从属根据的实行行为,而不能定罪处罚。

Article 7 of the Amendment to the Criminal Law(IX)adds the crime of preparing for terrorist activities,Since there is no typical practice and independent constitutional element,it is not a substantive preparation crime but can only be regarded as a formalized preparation crime,The addition of this crime does not produce the legal effect of the implementation of preparatory act,And the special provisions of the Criminal Law are only independent sentencing rules for preparatory crime,Therefore,there is no stopping form such as preparation or attempt,Compared with the generally penalized preparation crime provided by the Criminal Law,it does not belong to the early legislative model of the legal protection or lead to the expansion of the scope of criminal penalties,In addition,the crime of preparing for terrorist activities as an independent sentencing rule for preparation crime,whose instigators and assistants who commit abetting and helping acts can not be convicted and punished because there is no affiliated implementation,