我国部分地区梅树病毒病的病原初步检测

Preliminary detection of viruses in Japanese apricot trees in China

梅是一种原产于中国、具有重要经济价值、花果兼用型的树种。在其生长繁育过程中易受病毒等病原侵染,从而可能造成严重的经济损失。目前我国梅树上病毒的发生及分布尚不清楚。为此,对无锡、武汉、上海、杭州、南京的梅园进行了调查,采集了115份样品,其中发现了疑似病毒病害,主要症状表现为花叶、卷叶、叶片皱缩、褪绿、脉间失绿等。RT-PCR检测出了苹果茎沟病毒(ASGV)、樱桃病毒A(CVA)和亚洲李属病毒2(APV 2),检出率分别为30.4%、4.3%和3.5%。此外,克隆了这三种病毒的外壳蛋白基因序列,同GenBank已登录的相应序列相似性为86%~99%(核苷酸水平)和83%~99%(氨基酸水平)。序列比较发现APV2梅分离物与日本梅分离物亲缘关系较近。

Japanese apricot(Prunus mume)is an economically important fruit and ornamental plant,which originated in China.It is susceptible to different viruses.Viral infection may cause some severe diseases,resulting in significant economic losses.However,viruses infecting Japanese apricot in China are still unknown.Here,we carried out a large-scale survey of virus diseases of Japanese apricot in Wuxi,Wuhan,Shanghai,Hangzhou,and Nanjing in China.Suspected virus diseases were found in almost all Japanese apricot gardens.Symptoms mainly include leaf curl,vein clearing,and mosaic.A total of 115 leaf samples were collected in spring and early summer and were detected by RT-PCR using specific primers for Apple stem grooving virus(ASGV),Cherry virus A(CVA),and Asian Prunus virus 1,2,3(APV1,APV2,APV3).The results showed that ASGV,CVA,and APV2 were positive with infection rate of 30.4%,4.3%,and 3.5%,respectively.The amplified products were sequenced to verify the three viruses.The obtained sequences of ASGV,CVA,and APV2 shared 86%-99%nucleotide identity and 83%-99%amino acid identity with those deposited in GenBank.It was the first report of ASGV and APV2 in Japanese apricot in China.Furthermore,phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolated APV2 was closest to those isolated from Japan.Since the exchange of Japanese apricot propagation materials is frequent between China and Japan,APV2 may be transmitted through propagation materials between the two countries.The presence of ASGV,CVA,and APV2 means a potential threat to Japanese apricot industry.More attentions should be paid to virus diseases in Japanese apricot in China,and some actions should be taken to control the diseases.