自交系玉米地除草剂和安全剂的筛选

Screening herbicides and safener applied in inbred maize field

自交系玉米是玉米制种的亲本材料,自交系玉米对除草剂的敏感性造成玉米制种地长期依赖人工除草,生产成本高;筛选可用于自交系玉米地的除草剂或安全剂对提高玉米制种效率、降低生产成本具有重要意义。本研究选用烟嘧磺隆、硝磺草酮、乙草胺、莠去津、2,4-滴丁酯和砜嘧磺隆6种玉米地除草剂单剂及添加复硝基酚钠或芸薹素内酯混剂处理5个自交系玉米品系,分别在药后10、20、30d目测药害情况,并于药后30d测定玉米株高、地上部鲜重和地下部鲜重。结果表明:自交系品系‘K1-1’、‘40’、‘522’对烟嘧磺隆、硝磺草酮、乙草胺、莠去津、2,4-滴丁酯和砜嘧磺隆不敏感,可在田间施用这些除草剂;但品系‘37’和‘10’对这些除草剂很敏感,施用后易产生药害。增施复硝酚钠会加重供试除草剂对品系‘37’和‘10’的药害,而增施芸薹素内酯可缓解硝磺草酮、乙草胺、莠去津和2,4-滴丁酯对品系‘37’和‘10’的药害。进一步检测发现,芸薹素内酯可缓解硝磺草酮、乙草胺、莠去津和2,4-滴丁酯对品系‘37’和‘10’地上部鲜重和株高的抑制作用。由此可见,自交系玉米地除草剂和安全剂的选择要因品种类型而异,要针对具体的品系研究专用的除草剂和安全剂组合。

Inbred maize is the parental material for producing maize hybrid seeds.Since inbred maize is sensitive to herbicides,manual weeding is commonly applied to eradicate weed in inbred maize field,but the cost is relatively high.Therefore,it is essential to improve the efficiency of producing inbred seed and reduce production cost through screening herbicides and safeners used in inbred maize filed.In this study,18 treatments in total,including six types of single herbicides(nicosulfuron,mesotrione,acetochlor,atrazine,2,4-D butylate and rimsulfuron)and the mixtures of the six single herbicides with sodium nitrophenolate or brassinolide were applied to 5 different inbred maize lines.The herbicidal phytotoxicity was investigated after spraying herbicides for 10 d,20 d,and 30 d.In addition,the above ground and under ground biomass and height of plants were evaluated at the 30th day after spraying.The results showed that the inbred maize lines‘No.K1-1’,‘No.40’and‘No.522’were not sensitive to the tested herbicides,indicating these herbicides could be used in the maize production fields.However,the phytotoxicity was occurred on lines‘No.37’and‘No.10’,and the combination of sodium nitophenolate even worsen the phytotoxicity on the lines‘No.37’and‘No.10’.Whereas brassinolide could relieve the hazards caused by mesotrione,acetochlor or 2,4-D butylate on maize inbred lines‘No.37’and‘No.10’.It was also found that brassinolide could relive the inhibition of above ground biomass and height of inbred line‘No.37’and‘No.10’caused by mesotrione,acetochlor,atrazine,or 2,4-D butylate.Therefore,the use of herbicide and safener should be chosen,according to the variety of inbred maize.