北魏祭祀制度研究

Research on Sacrificial System in North Wei Period

北魏祭祀制度以孝文帝改革时期为界呈现出不同的阶段性特点,孝文帝改革前的北魏社会以女性祖先和自然神祇为重要祭祀对象,意在利用母权余威和自然崇拜来巩固北魏统治,而孝文帝改革后的北魏祭祀以华夏圣君和儒家先贤为主要内容,旨在树立北魏政权的合法性基础以及实现社会整合。北魏统治者出于不同的政治需求不断进行祭祀内容的革新,极大推动了北魏祭祀的发展,进而有力推动了北魏政权的封建化。

The Sacrificial System in North Wei Period shows different characteristics before and after the reform of Emperor Xiaowen.The important sacrificial objects of the North Wei Dynasty are female ancestors and natural gods before the reform of Emperor Xiaowen,which aims to use the authority of matriarchy and natural worship to consolidate the regime of Northern Wei,while the worship of the Northern Wei Dynasty is mainly the Chinese saints and Confucian sages after the reform of Emperor Xiaowen,which is to consolidate the legitimacy foundation of the Northern Wei regime and to achieve social integration.The rulers of the North Wei Dynasty continuously carried on innovations of the sacrifice contents for different political needs,which greatly promoted the development of sacrifice in the North Wei Dynasty,and further promoted the feudalization of the of the North Wei regime.