饲粮添加益生菌和低聚果糖对育肥猪生长性能、肠道菌群和肠道形态的影响

Effects of dietary supplementation of probiotics and fructose on growth performance,intestinal flora and intestinal morphology of fattening pigs

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加复合益生菌和低聚果糖对育肥猪生长性能、肠道菌群和肠道形态的影响。选择体重[(62.50±0.83)kg]基本一致的60头杜×长×大三元杂交商品猪,随机分为4组,每组15个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮(不添加抗生素、益生菌和低聚果糖),试验Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮+0.4%复合益生菌、试验Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+0.3%低聚果糖、试验Ⅲ组饲喂基础日粮+0.3%低聚果糖+0.4%复合益生菌。试验期为60 d。试验结果表明,饲粮中添加0.4%复合益生菌、0.3%低聚果糖和0.4%复合益生菌+0.3%低聚果糖均可显著提高育肥猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重,降低料肉比(P<0.05)。饲粮中同时添加复合益生菌和低聚果糖对育肥猪生长性能的效果优于二者单独添加时的效应之和。饲粮中添加0.4%复合益生菌、0.3%低聚果糖和0.4%复合益生菌+0.3%低聚果糖均显著增加了育肥猪肠道乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌的数量,降低了大肠杆菌的数量,其中0.4%复合益生菌+0.3%低聚果糖组育肥猪肠道菌群状态显著优于其他三组。饲粮中添加0.3%低聚果糖和0.4%复合益生菌+0.3%低聚果糖均能显著增加育肥猪肠道绒毛高度,降低隐窝深度,提高绒毛高度/隐窝深度,改善肠道形态结构。由此可见,饲粮中添加0.4%复合益生菌和0.3%低聚果糖均能显著提高育肥猪肠道对营养成分的消化吸收能力,促进育肥猪生长发育,其中以饲粮中同时添加复合益生菌和低聚果糖对育肥猪的饲喂效果最好。

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of compound probiotics and fructo oligosaccharides on growth performance,intestinal flora and intestinal morphology of fattening pigs.A total of 60 Duroc×Landrace×Large commercial pigs with the same body weight(62.50±0.83)kg were randomly divided into 4 groups,15 replicates in each group and 1 pig per replicate.The control group was fed with corn-soybean meal diet(no antibiotics,probiotics and fructose oligosaccharides),group I was fed with basal diet supplemented with 0.4%compound probiotics,groupⅡwith basal diet supplemented with 0.3%fructo oligosaccharides and groupⅢwas fed basal diet 0.3%supplemented with 0.3%fructo oligosaccharides and 0.4%compound probiotics.The experimental lasted for 60 days.The results showed that the addition of 0.4%compound probiotics,0.3%fructo oligosaccharides and 0.4%compound probiotics with 0.3%fructo oligosaccharides in diet could significantly increase the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of fattening pigs,and decrease the feed/gain ratio(P<0.05).The effects of compound probiotics and fructo oligosaccharides on the growth performance of fattening pigs were better than the sum of the effects when the two diets were added alone.Dietary supplementation of 0.4%compound probiotics,0.3%fructo oligosaccharides and 0.4%compound probiotics with 0.3%fructo oligosaccharides significantly increased the number of Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium and reduced the number of Escherichia coli in fattening pigs.Dietary supplementation of 0.4%compound probiotics and 0.3%fructose-oligosaccharide group was significantly better than the other three groups in intestinal microflora status of fattening pigs.The addition of 0.3%fructose and 0.4%compound probiotics with 0.3%fructo oligosaccharides significantly increased the intestinal villus height,decreased the crypt depth,increased the villous height/crypt depth and improved the intestinal morphology and structure of fattening pigs.In conclusion,the addition of 0.4%compound probiotics and 0.3%fructo oligosaccharides to the diet significantly improved the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the gut of fattening pigs,and promoted the growth and development of fattening pigs.Among them,it was the best to feed fattening pigs with compound probiotics and fructo oligosaccharides in diet at the same time.