从“国语罗马字拼音”与“注音符号第二式”看拼音系统的改进——计量语言学的视角

Improvement from Mandarin Romanization Spelling to Mandarin Phonetic Spelling II: a Perspective of Quantitative Linguistics

注音符号第二式是国语罗马字拼音的修订版,在标调方式和部分字母设置上进行了修改。通过采用音形关系指标对两种方案进行计量描写与比较发现,注音符号第二式的系统经济性、形素长度、形素载荷、字母使用度、正字法改革必要性五项指标都得到了改进,拼写系统整体性能得到优化。本文针对这一案例的定量分析,为语言文字政策的制定与评估提供了具有可操作性的量化方法与经验。

As the revised version of Mandarin Romanization Spelling(MRS),the Mandarin Phonetic Spelling II(MPS II)changed the spelling of tones and several consonants and vowels.According to quantitative description of and comparison between these two Romanized spelling systems,the following findings about the phoneme-grapheme relationship are discovered.MPS II has higher system economy,lower grapheme length(or size),lower grapheme load of letters,lower letter usefulness and lower necessity of orthographic reform than the MRS.The effectiveness of spelling representation has been improved from MRS to MPS II.The operable method in quantitative analysis and experience in this article are helpful to make and evaluate language policy.