徐复观的历史认识论

The Historical Epistemology of XU Fuguan

徐复观通过对史料派的批评,强调史家主体意识的介入对于把握和理解历史事实具有重要性,并认为历史的主客体之间是互为相融而不可割裂的对话过程。在选取事实标准方面,徐复观承认主体的时代、现实关怀意识主导着史家选取历史题材的导向。在材料的考订与诠释方面,徐复观认为考证应从基本文献入手,应意识到决定如何处理材料的是方法,但决定运用方法的则是研究者的态度。徐复观认为历史认识的客观,是限定在一定范畴内带有主体性之客观,随着主体观念的变化、材料的扩充,主客体之间始终处于不断的对话、理解的过程中。对于客观的检验尺度,徐复观特别强调材料层面的检验和史家人格自律的重要。

Through the criticism of positivism,XU Fuguan emphasizes the importance of intervention of historian subject consciousness in grasping and understanding historical facts,and that the subject and object of history is a splitting but harmonious dialogue process.In the selection of the fact standard,XU Fuguan recognizes the time of the subject,the reality care consciousness dominates the historians’selection of historical themes.In terms of textual research and interpretation,XU thinks that research should be started from basic literature,should be aware of the decision method is key to dealing with materials but researchers’attitude is key to using the methods.XU thinks the object of historical understanding is limited to a certain category with the object of subjectivity.With the change of main body concept and material expansion,there is constant process of dialogue and understanding between subject and object.For the objective inspection scale,the emphasis is on the inspection of material level and the importance of selfdiscipline of historical personality.