“文学的”国语如何炼成——论民国时期无线电广播与国语推广

How to Make National Language of “Literature”:Radio Broadcasting in the Republic of China and Promotion of National Language

民国时期,缺乏规范语言基础的广播和跛足的国语运动在困顿中合而为一、相互扶持,扩大了各自的影响。广播直观立体地展示了语音、声调、情感等语言因素,使民众在对声音的认同中达到民族认同,从而建构起"文学的"国语形象。播音员的口语化播音既简练畅达,又富有情感性和审美性,是"文学的"国语的理想文本。无线电广播的播音实践和播音理论为国语的建构乃至于普通话的推广奠定了坚实的基础。

In early twentieth century,the lacking standard of broadcast language and lamed Mandarin Movement supported each other in hardship and expanded their influence.Broadcast directly and three-dimensionally displayed language factors such as voice,tone,emotion etc.,which made common people reach the national identity from the recognition of sound,so that to construct the literature of“national language”image.The colloquial broadcasting of announcers was not only concise and fluent,but also expressive and aesthetic,which was the ideal text of the“literary”national language.In a word,the practice and theory of radio broadcasting have laid a solid foundation for the construction of Chinese language and even the popularization of Putonghua.