中国耕地保护制度的演进及其实施绩效评价

The Evolution and Implementation Performance Evaluation of Cultivated Land Protection Policies in China

在从宪法选择规则、集体选择规则、操作选择规则、监督与惩罚机制四个层次上对耕地保护制度的演进进行研究的基础上,对耕地保护制度的耕地数量、质量、生态保护实施绩效进行评价,研究发现:从制度设计来看,宪法选择规则、集体选择规则、操作选择规则、监督与惩罚机制对耕地的利用进行了层层控制,且中央政府在操作层次上对耕地保护制度不断优化、改进以适应耕地保护形势;在理想模式下,各项制度相互配合能有效地保护耕地数量、质量与生态;但在具体实施过程中,中国耕地保护制度在保护耕地数量上或许能实现中央政府的制度目标,但在保护耕地质量、生态上的实施绩效较差,耕地土壤退化严重,不利于粮食安全的可持续性。

Based on the study of the evolution of cultivated land protection policies from the four levels of the constitution selection rules,the collective selection rules,the operation selection rules and the supervision and punishment mechanism,the paper evaluates the implementation performance of the cultivated land protection policies in China from the aspects of quantity,quality and ecological protection of cultivated land.The result showed that the constitutional selection rules,collective selection rules,operation selection rules,supervision and punishment mechanisms can control the utilization of arable land layer by layer from the point of view of system design,and the central government continuously optimize and improve the policies to adapt to the situation of cultivated land protection at the operational level.The cooperation of various policies can effectively protect the quantity,quality and ecology of arable land.Under the ideal mode,the policies can complement each other to effectively protect the quantity,quality and ecology of cultivated land.However,in the specific implementation process,the local government can achieve the central government’s system objective in cultivated land quantity protection,but with poor performance in the cultivated land quality,ecological protection.Serious degradation of cultivated land is not conducive to the sustainability of food security.