结果初期矮化中间砧苹果适宜负载量研究

Research of suitable load on dwarfing intermediate stock apple at beginning of fructification

以4年生矮化中间砧烟富3、天红2号苹果为试材,研究了不同负载量处理对树体生长、果实品质及收获产量的影响。结果表明:负载量处理对矮砧树高、冠径、新梢长度和干周影响不显著;随负载量增大,单果重变小,果桩变矮,果实着色面积和光洁度变小,可溶性糖降低,但果实去皮硬度和可滴定酸含量受负载量影响较小;高负载量处理,生长期落果较多,采收果实远低于预留果数,从而使实际产量也远低于预期。综合分析认为,烟富3和天红2号T3、T4处理为较适宜的负载量水平,折合产量30 000~33 750 kg/hm2。

4 years old dwarfing intermediate stock Yanfu 3 and Tianhong 2 apple trees were used to study the influence of different load to the tree growth,fruit quality and yield.The result showed that the load on tree height,crown diameter,shoot length and trunk circumference was not significant.With the increase of load,fruit weight,fruit shape index,fruit coloring area and smoothness became smaller,the content of soluble sugar reduced,but fruit firmness and titratable acid content had no significant change.The higher fruit load,the more serious of fruit dropped,so actual harvesting fruit number and actual output were much lower than expected.According to the comprehensive analysis,treatment 3 and 4 were more suitable load levels,and the yield was 30 000~33 750 kg/hm2.