传感器控制自动灌溉系统的研制及其在油茶苗木生产中的应用

Development and application of sensor controlled automatic irrigation system for the production of Camellia oleifera

为减少过度浇水所导致的水资源浪费以及肥料和杀虫剂等造成的污染,帮助苗圃应对日益严格的水资源管理条例,研制了一种土壤水分传感器控制自动灌溉系统及其运行所需的程序。该系统由CR1000数据记录仪、AM16/32数据选择器、SDM-CD16AC控制器(继电器驱动)、土壤水分传感器(EC-5)等组成。该系统能精确地控制土壤基质中的水分含量,并根据植物的实际需要进行浇水,也可以被用来研究植物的抗旱生理反应。由盆栽油茶苗的干旱研究试验表明:该系统能有效地控制土壤基质体积含水量在设定值之上。供试油茶品种之间抗旱适应能力差异明显,‘Winter Snowman’油茶比‘Lushan Snow’油茶更加耐旱。油茶生长所需的最适基质体积含水量约为33.9%,在此基质体积含水量条件下生长161天,每株植物消耗20.7L水,比在45.2%基质体积含水量下节约28%的水量。

An automated irrigation system with dielectric soil moisture sensor is described.This system consists of CR1000 datalogger,AM16/32 multiplexer,SDM-CD16AC controller(relay driver),and dielectric soil moisture sensor.It can efficiently irrigate plants to a desired level and supply those plants with just the amount of water required for normal plant growth,regardless of changes in plant size and environmental conditions.It can reduce wastage of irrigation water due to excess application,subsequently reduce leaching and run-off of fertilizer and/or pesticide,and help growers to cope with ever-increasing regulations of water-use.This system has become an important irrigation controller in greenhouse management and nursery production.It may have applications in stress physiology since it allows precision control over the rate at which drought stress is imposed on plants.Two-year-old Camellia oleifera(tea oil)plants were grown for 161 days in a greenhouse at different substrate volumetric water contents(VWC)maintained using the EC-5 sensor controlled irrigation system.This system could effectively maintain VWCs above desired set points.Camellia oleifera‘Winter Snowman’was more tolerant to the drought than Camellia oleifera‘Lushan Snow’.The optimal VWC for Camellia oleifera growth was about 33.9%.During the experimental period,Camellia oleifera plants grown at the VWC of 33.9%consumed an average of 20.7 L water,which was 28%less than that at the VWC of 45.2%.