建成遗产与发展：应对亚洲变化的遗产影响评估

Built Heritage and Development: Heritage Impact Assessment of Change in Asia

当代世界的发展变化,使建成遗产面临日益增长的压力与威胁,这常常导致历史肌理及其相关价值的妥协或丢失。文章检视了遗产影响评估(Heritage Impact Assessment)方法如何在一个整体的可持续发展框架下被确切地提出并缓解建成遗产所面临的威胁。文章对这一方法进行阐释,并给出在亚洲城乡建成环境中应用这一方法的案例,以描绘这一方法在实际中如何达成。这些案例反映了发展与遗产产生冲突的多种情况,并显示出遗产影响评估作为一种找寻平衡和解决方案的工具,具备多样化的功能和很强的适应性。作为一种方法,遗产影响评估植根于"当下和未来世代的需求与来自过去的遗产"之间的平衡和可持续的关系(UNESCO 2011)。文章还阐明了使遗产影响评估得以成立的一些基本假设,以及其在实际问题应用中经常遇到的矛盾。

Built heritage faces increasing pressures and threats from development and change in the contemporary world,a situation that frequently results in compromise or loss of historic fabric and its associated values.This paper examines how Heritage Impact Assessment(HIA)methodology specifically addresses and mitigates threats to built heritage within an overall sustainable development framework.The methodology will be explained and examples will be given from across Asia of HIA applications to the urban and rural built environment to illustrate how this can be achieved.These case studies reflect a variety of ways in which development and heritage come into conflict and have been selected to show how versatile and adaptable HIA can be as a tool for finding balance and solutions.HIA is an approach rooted in a balanced and sustainable relationship between‘the needs of the present and future generations and the legacy from the past’(UNESCO 2011).The paper also illuminates some of the basic assumptions on which HIA functions and some of the contradictions that often arise when the methodology is applied to real world problems.