街巷：行走在建筑间

Streets, Lanes and Alleyways: An Architecture for Pedestrian Movement

早在为高速交通工具建造大尺度的街道之前，人们穿行的都是步行尺度的通道。窄街与巷道常常是狭窄又曲折的，它们为日常生活和户外活动提供人体尺度的千变万化的空间。即便是在城市中，当地建筑以地方材料建造的立面，也很少超过两三层的高度，它们同样塑造出了街坊邻里。在车行交通所要求的宽阔笔直、缺乏尺度感又千篇一律的街道出现之前，砖或石头，这些符合人体尺度的材料装点着路面，为人行道带来亲和力。建筑外墙面与街面共同界定着村庄或邻里的尺度，街道建筑的特色也由街道呈现。正立面的门窗往往开敞着，其装修表明建筑的功能特征是商务、店铺或居住。窄街连通着更窄的巷道，巷道通向各家各户，或者不同层级的街道，又或者更次一级的巷道。

Long before streets and avenues were built for high-speed auto traffic,people flowed through passageways built at pedestrian scale.Lanes and alleyways,often narrow and twisting,provided ever-changing human scale environments appropriate for daily life and outdoor movement.Even in urban areas,vernacular building fa?ades,seldom more than two or three stories in height,characterised neighbourhoods built of local,natural materials.Before wide,arrow straight streets with scaleless,homogeneous surfaces demanded by auto traffic,these same human scale materials,brick or stone,graced the walking surfaces and offered intimacy to the passageways.Building walls and street surfaces blended to reinforce the village or neighbourhood scale.Streets took on the character of the architecture that defined them.Fa?ade elevations provided doorways and windows,usually punched openings,often detailed to suggest business,shop or residential features appropriate for their use.Narrow streets opened onto even narrower alleys leading to homes or different level streets or alleyways beyond.