体育自治的导向:体育自治权的属性辨析

The Direction of Sports Autonomy: An Analysis of the Attribution of the Right of Sports Autonomy

作为体育自治管理的基点与核心,体育自治权来源于私人权利,具有明显的"权利"属性,并以此为基础形成颇具特色的体育自治管理体系。晚近,体育组织在规则制订、管理权行使及争端解决等方面出现"权力化"趋势,产生了类似国际足联腐败案中体现的体育组织管理效率低下、腐败、渎职等问题,导致外部司法强势介入,体育自治受到冲击。协调外部司法与体育自治的冲突,应明晰:体育自治权的"权力化"趋势并未改变其"权利"属性,完善体育组织治理模式,仍应坚持引导性的权利导向,通过优化自治权行使方式,对权利行使的过程和结果进行引导和监督,在实现权利行使和治理成效最大化的基础上,追求国际体育的良好治理。

As the starting point and core of sports autonomy,the autonomous right came from the alienation of private right by contracts,delivered from private right to group right,and formed sports autonomy system with its own characteristics.Recently the power trend in sports organizations has occurred in the aspects of the formulation of rules,the exercise of administration and dispute settlement and the like,therefore the problems like low efficiency of management,corruption,and malpractice in FIFA began to appear,which led to the intervention of external justice and the sports autonomy is challenged.To solve the conflicts between the tw o,it should be clear that the powerizaiton of sports autonomy does not change its attribute of"right".And,the improvement of governance modes of sports organizations should follow the right orientation.That is,by optimizing the modes of sports autonomy,guiding and supervising the process and results of the right exercise,good governance is achieved based on the realization of the right exercise and maximization of the effectiveness.