2007—2014年福建省儿童伤害死亡原因分析

The Analysis of Death Caused by Injury of Children in Fujian Province(2007—2014)

目的了解福建省0~14岁儿童伤害的死亡原因及其排位,为制定儿童伤害预防控制措施提供依据。方法利用福建省2007—2014年死因监测资料,对0~14岁儿童总死亡率、年龄别死亡率、死因别死亡率和死亡率的时间变化趋势等进行分析。结果 2007—2014年福建省0~14岁儿童年均伤害死亡率为11.31/10万,占死亡总数的18.17%,居第3位死因。男童伤害年均死亡率13.96/10万,女童年均伤害死亡率8.35/10万。男童伤害死亡率高于女童(χ~2=42.40,P<0.01)。溺水为儿童的首位死因,交通事故和意外跌落分列第2、3位,前3位伤害类型占儿童伤害死亡总数的70.95%,男童的溺水和意外窒息死亡率高于女童(χ~2值分别为39.28和4.51,P均小于0.05);交通事故、意外跌落、自杀、被杀、意外中毒、火灾、触电死亡率方面,男童和女童死亡率相当,P均大于0.05。0~岁组的死亡率最高为33.19/10万,之后死亡率逐渐下降。0~岁组首位死因是意外窒息,占0~岁组死亡的49.51%,1~4岁组的首位伤害死因为溺水,5~9岁组和10~14岁的前两位伤害均为溺水和交通事故。2007—2014年期间福建省儿童伤害死亡率,无明显变化,χ_(趋势)~2=1.18,P>0.05。结论溺水、交通事故和意外跌落严重威胁福建省儿童的生命,应该采取针对性措施做好儿童伤害的预防控制工作。

Objective To explore cause of injury-induced of deaths and their ranking for children aged 0~14 years old in Fujian,providing basis for the development of child injury control and preventive measures.Methods Using data of death surveillance from 2007 to 2014,total mortality,age-specific mortality,cause-specific mortality,and trend in mortality over time were reported for children aged 0~14 years old.Results From 2007 to 2014,the average annual mortality rate of injury was 11.31/105 in Fujian,accounting for 18.17%of total deaths and ranking as the third cause of deaths.The average annual injury mortality in boys was 13.96/105,with 8.35/105 in girls.The injury mortality rate was higher in boys than in girls(χ2=42.40,P<0.01).Drowning was the first cause of injury deaths.Traffic crashes and unintentional falls ranked the second and third places,respectively.The three leading causes accounted for 70.95%of total injury deaths.Mortality from drowning and suffocation in boys were clearly higher than that in girls 2 2(drowning:χ=39.28,P<0.05;suffocation:χ=4.51,P<0.05).Differences in mortality rates from traffic crashes,unintentional fallings,suicide,homicide,unintentional poisoning,fire,and electric current were all insignificant between boys and girls(P>0.05).Injury mortality rate was highest in infants(33.19/105)and then decreased as age got older among children aged 0~14 years old.Unintentional suffocation was the leading cause of injury deaths among infants,accounting for 49.51%of total deaths.Drowning was the 1st cause of injury death for children aged 1~4 years old.Drowning and traffic crashes were the 1st and 2nd causes of injury deaths for children aged 5~9 and 10~14 years old.The change in child injury mortality was not significant from 2007 to 2014 in Fujian(trendχ2=1.18,P>0.05).Conclusions Drowning,traffic crashes and unintentional falls threaten the safety of children in Fujian.Targeted measures should be carried out to prevent child injury.