中国技术密集型行业在全球价值链中的地位研究

Research on the status of China's technology intensive industries in global value chain

出口技术复杂度可作为全球价值链地位的衡量指标,通过计算中国技术密集型行业的出口复杂度,可以了解其在全球价值链中的地位变化。研究发现,中国技术密集型产业出口复杂度在2002—2015年有较大提高,特别是在金砖国家中表现更为明显,但是与美英日德等主要发达国家相比依然差距明显,同时技术密集型中的7个行业全球链地位分化比较严重。从具体产业的角度看,医药制造业全球价值链地位有了显著的提高,而仪表、仪器及文化办公用机械制造业出口技术复杂度的增长幅度较缓慢,仍无法摆脱"低端锁定"的价值链地位。中国要通过加大生产要素的投入、营造产业发展的政策环境、建立国际市场的合作来实现技术密集型产业向全球价值链高端转移。

Abstract:Export technology complexity can be used as a measure of the status of the global value chain.By calculating the export complexity of China's technology intensive industries,we can see its position changes in the global value chain.The study found that Chinese technology intensive industry export sophistication in 2002 to 2015 has increased dramatically,especially in the BRIC countries of similar economic development level,but compared with the virtues of other developed countries there is still a large gap,while the 7 industry and technology intensive in the global chain status differentiation serious.From the point of view of specific industry,the position of global value chain of pharmaceutical industry has been significantly improved,while the export technology complexity of instrument,instrument and culture office machinery manufacturing industry is relatively slow,but still can not get rid of the"low-end lock"value chain status.