海河低平原区14个玉米品种青贮性状评价及适应性分析

Identification and Evaluation of Silage Characters of 14 Corn Varieties in Haihe Low Plain

为筛选适宜海河低平原种植的优良青贮玉米品种。采用随机区组设计对14个玉米品种进行了生物产量、农艺性状、品质及抗逆性筛选评价。结果表明,参试品种株高、穗位高度分别为246.7~322.8 cm和86.2~148.9 cm,雅玉青贮79491株高最高,郑单958株高最低;参试品种生物产量为14.46~22.19 t/hm2,品种间差异极显著(P<0.01),其中雅玉青贮79491、中地175、北农青贮308和北农青贮2932生物产量较高,分别较郑单958增产28.35%,20.43%,20.06%和10.09%;玉米乳熟期-蜡熟期收获,其生长天数与生物产量相关极显著,R=0.77**,株高与生物产量间相关显著,R=0.62*;品种间饲用品质差异极显著(P<0.01),中地175、郑单958、先玉335、衡玉321及兼用型品种巡青518作为普通玉米、其余为青贮玉米进行统计,普通玉米中性洗涤纤维及酸性洗涤纤维含量较青贮玉米低2.59%和4.58%,可溶性糖及淀粉含量较青贮玉米高2.06%和2.12%;参试品种收获时绿叶数11.1~13.8,鲜干比30.23%~39.15%。除北农308、雅玉青79491和先玉335倒伏率+倒折率>15%外,其他11个玉米品种各项测定指标符合国家分级标准,青贮品质达2级以上,其中恩喜爱298、中农大青贮Y4515、辽单青贮625和巡青518等4个杂交种符合国家青贮品质1级标准。为促进玉米种植业结构的调整,中地175等普通玉米品种同时作为普通玉米、全株青贮、粮饲兼用型多用途开发推广应用具有好的发展前景。

In order to screen suitable silage corn varieties suitable for cultivation in Haihe Low Plain.The yield,agronomic characters,quality and stress resistance of 14 maize varieties(silage and common)were evaluated by random block design.The results showed that the plant height and ear height of the varieties were 246.7-322.8 cm and 86.2-148.9 cm,Yayu Silage 79491 was the highest,Zhengdan 958 were the lowest;The dry matter yields of the tested varieties was 14.46-22.19 t/ha,the difference among varieties was very significant(P<0.01),the biological yields of Yayu Silage 79491,Zhengdan 175,Beinong Silage 308 and Beinong Silage 2932 were higher,increased by 28.35%,20.43%,20.06%and 10.09%than Zhengdan 958 respectively.The period of maize growth were significantly correlated with the dry matter yield from milk-ripening to wax-ripening stages,R=0.77**,plant height was significantly correlated with biomass yield,R=0.62*;There was a significant difference in feed quality between varieties(P<0.01),Zhongdi 175,Zhengdan 958,Xianyu 335,Hengyu 321 and dual-purpose varieties of Xunqing 518 as common corn,the remainder were counted as silage varieties,the content of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in common maize was 2.59%and 4.58%lower than that of Silage Maize,The content of soluble sugar and starch was 2.06%and 2.12%higher than that of silage corn;The number of green leaves was 11.1-13.8 and fresh dry ratio was 30.23%-39.15%at harvest time.In addition to Beinong Silage 308,Yayu Silage 79491 and Xianyu 335 lodging and stem broken rate>15%,all the other 11 varieties of corn accorded with the national quality indexes classification standards,and the silage quality above the 2 rank evaluate stand,the 4 hybrids of Enxiai 298,Zhongnongda Silage Gr4515,Liaodan Silage 625 and Xunqing 518 achieved first rank silage quality standards.In order to promote the adjustment of corn planting structure,Zhongdi 175 and so on common corn varieties,as common corn,whole plant silage and grain feed type corn,have a good prospect for multipurpose development and popularization.