不同发育期大蒜植株生长和鳞茎膨大相关农艺性状的动态研究

Agronomic Traits Dynamic Observation of Plant Growth and Bulb Swelling Process of Garlic

为揭示大蒜鳞茎与主要农艺性状的生长规律,对不同发育期大蒜植物生长与鳞茎膨大相关农艺性状的生长动态进行观测,以白皮蒜特选261、特选36-1和紫皮蒜中蒜1号、脱毒蒜、特选17共5个大蒜品种为试验材料。从鳞茎膨大初始期至成熟期,每7 d取样调查,随机观测15株。分别测量地上部分株高、株幅、叶长、叶宽、单株叶片数、根毛长、鳞茎直径、鳞茎高、根毛重、地上部分鲜干质量、鳞茎鲜干质量,并进行统计分析。结果表明:5个大蒜品种鳞茎高、鳞茎直径和鳞茎干质量均表现稳步上升,根毛干质量和地上部分干质量均表现为先上升后下降;品种间株高、株幅、叶长、叶宽、鳞茎直径、鳞茎鲜质量、根毛干质量、地上部分干质量、鳞茎干质量的增速中蒜1号均高于其他品种;中蒜1号和脱毒蒜属于晚熟类型,特选17、特选36-1和特选261属于早熟类型,在早熟蒜中特选17相对高产;紫皮蒜中蒜1号、脱毒蒜、特选17的鳞茎直径增速较白皮蒜特选261、特选36-1快,接近收获期,紫皮蒜鳞茎干质量也显著高于白皮蒜;植株地上部干质量变化与地下鳞茎干质量变化趋势相似。该研究针对大蒜多品种间多性状综合比较,根据大蒜鳞茎干质量、鲜质量生长变化,找出了大蒜地上部植株生长和地下部鳞茎膨大的关键时期和转折点,为大蒜新品种选育和实现高产优质栽培提供理论指导。

The growth characteristics of garlic bulb and main agronomic traits were revealed by observing the agronomic traits of garlic at different developmental stages.The white garlic T261,T36-1 and the purple garlic ZhongsuanNo.1,Tuodusuan,T17 were used as materials.From the bulb swelling initial period to the maturation stage,the plant height,plant width,leaf length,leaf width,leaf number,root hair length,bulb diameter,bulb height,fresh bulb weight,aboveground part weight,bulb weight,dry weight of aboveground and bulb part and dry weight of root hair of five varieties were measured by 15 plants randomly selected from three replicates in each seventh day from 20th March to 15th May,2015.The bulb diameter,bulb height and dry weight of underground of all the varieties increased throughout.However,the dry weight of root hair and aboveground part weight increased in the earlier stage and decreased in later.ZhongsuanNo.1 was superior to other varieties in most phenotypic traits.After 8th May,the dry weight of underground part of T261,T17 and T36-1 had a little decline,while Tuodusuan and ZhongsuanNo.1 increased,that means maturation time was different among varieties,and different optimum harvest dates should be set to the different varieties to obtain the highest bulb yield.ZhongsuanNo.1 and Tuodusuan belong to the late-maturing garlic,while T17,T261 and T36-1 belong to the early-maturing garlic.The increased of the bulb diameter of ZhongsuanNo.1,Tuodusuan garlic and T17 was faster than that of white garlic T261,T36-1.Besides,the bulb dry weight of purple garlic was also significantly higher than that of white garlic close to maturation,and the value of dry matter utilization was higher.The dry weight of aboveground was positively related with the dry weight of bulb in the earlier stage and decreased later.By the observation of multiple traits of garlic varieties,and according to the change of dry weight,fresh weight of garlic bulb,the key point period of garlic growth was found.The study will benefit the breeding and production of garlic.