长期定位试验下秸秆还田配套深松对土壤性状及玉米产量的影响

The Effects of Straw Returned Form a Complete Set of Deep Scarification to Soil Properties and Maize Yield under a Long-term Trial

为破解我国玉米生产存在的耕层过浅、地力低下的难题,探索合理有效的秸秆还田技术,采用耕作和秸秆还田方式两因素裂区设计的5年定位试验,分析秸秆还田结合深松、增施氮素对土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明,深松降低土壤容重、孔隙度、有机质含量和速效钾含量,增加田间持水量、碱解氮和速效磷含量;秸秆还田降低土壤容重、田间持水量、碱解氮和速效钾含量,增加孔隙度、有机质和速效磷含量;秸秆还田配施氮素降低土壤容重、表层有机质含量、速效钾含量,增加土壤孔隙度、田间持水量、下层有机质含量、表层碱解氮含量、速效磷含量;秸秆还田结合深松降低表层土壤孔隙度和碱解氮含量、速效钾含量,增加土壤容重、下层孔隙度、田间持水量、表层有机质和速效磷含量;深松、秸秆还田、秸秆还田配施氮素、秸秆还田结合深松均有增产作用。

To solve the problem of the shallow plough layer and low soil fertility,to explore the reasonable and effective technology of straw returned,this research used the positioning test for five years of the two factors split plot design of the tillage and the straw returned to analyze the effects of the straw returned in combination with deep loosening and increasing nitrogen application to the soil physical and the chemical properties.The results showed that deep scarification could reduce the soil bulk density,porosity,organic matter content and available K content,on the other hand it could increase the field capacity,alkaline hydrolysis N and available P content;straw returned could reduce the soil bulk density,field capacity,alkaline hydrolysis N and available K content,otherwise it could increase the porosity,organic matter and available P content;straw returned with nitrogen could reduce the soil bulk density,organic matter content of the surface layer,available K content,it could increase the soil porosity and field capacity,organic matter content of the nether layer,alkali-hydrolyzable N of the surface layer,available P content;straw returned in combination with deep scarification could reduce porosity and alkali solution N of the surface layer,available K content,and increase the soil bulk density,lower porosity of the nether layer,field capacity,organic matter and available P content of the surface layer.