垂直微孔深松的土壤环境效应及对棉籽品质发育的影响

Effect of Microhole Deep Tillage on Soil Environment and Cotton Seed Quality Development

长期传统耕作导致土壤紧实形成犁底层,是影响农田土壤质量和作物生长的关键障碍因子之一。为解决这一问题,于2013年4月-2016年4月在山西运城南花农场开展为期3年的大田试验,对比研究垂直微孔深松技术和传统耕作方法产生的土壤环境效应以及对棉籽品质发育的影响。结果表明:垂直微孔深松耕技术使犁底层的土壤硬度由7 849.1 k Pa降低到991.4 k Pa,土壤容重降低;在≥30 cm土层中,土壤N、P、K及有机质含量和含水量增加显著;垂直微孔深松耕棉田籽粒数从1.56粒/层增加到1.82粒/层,籽指平均增加了0.9%;发芽率由88.92%增加到89.63%;棉花籽棉产量最高为4 864.89 kg/hm2,比CK增加了14.98%。本研究揭示微孔深松耕作有效打破犁底层,具有改善土壤环境效应,并促进棉花生长和提高棉籽品质,为该项技术应用于生产提供试验依据。

Under long-term conventional tillage,plow pan resulting from soil compaction is one of the key constraint factors of soil quality and crop growth.To address this problem,a three-years field experiment was conducted on the Nanhua Farm in Yuncheng,Shanxi Province,China(April 2013 to April 2016).The effects of microhole deep tillage on soil environment and the growth development and seed quality traits of cotton were examined by comparing with conventional tillage.Compared with the control,microhole deep tillage significantly reduced soil hardness(7 849.1 to 991.4 kPa)in the plow pan,the soil bulk density of 1.86 g/cm 3 to reduce to 1.03 g/cm 3;In the soil profile below 30 cm,major soil nutrient N,P,K,organic matter and moisture contents were significantly increased due to microhole deep tillage.Correspondingly,the grain number increased to 1.82 from 1.56 grain/layer with an increased number of seeds per cotton pulp.Cotton seed index,proportion,and fiber length were significantly increased by microhole deep tillage,the same as seed fat and soluble sugar contents.In contrast,seed protein content was significantly reduced in the experimental treatment,cotton seed-cotton yield up to 4 864.89 kg/ha,increased 14.98%than CK.This study reveals that microhole deep tillage effectively breaks the plow pan,thus improving soil environment,further promoting cotton growth and improving seed quality.It provides an experimental reference for application of this technique in the agricultural production.