摘要
燃煤飞灰中的碱金属和碱土金属对NH_3-SCR催化剂的活性有显著的影响.近年来,研究者针对碱金属/碱土金属氧化物对SCR催化剂中毒作用开展了大量研究.另一方面,研究普遍认为,含溴化合物对提高SCR催化剂汞氧化性能具有明显促进作用.目前为止,针对碱金属/碱土金属溴化物对SCR催化剂影响的系统研究较少.我们课题组系统研究了不同阳离子的溴化物(NH_4Br,NaBr,KBr和CaBr_2)对商用V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2催化剂性能的影响.与未中毒样品相比,KBr中毒后的催化剂(记为L-KBr)上NO_x转化率明显下降,而NaBr和CaBr_2中毒的催化剂(分别记为L-NaBr和L-CaBr)上的SCR活性也有一定程度的降低.另外L-NaBr,L-KBr和L-CaBr催化剂的N_2选择性较差.XPS结果显示,KBr中毒后化学吸附氧(O_α)比例减小;同时,KBr中毒后还原性和表面酸度降低,这些可能是导致L-KBr催化剂的活性和N_2选择性变差的主要原因.对于L-CaBr催化剂,中毒后化学吸附氧O_α比例有所增加,这与H2-TPR结果显示可还原性增强一致.O_2-TPO结果显示,L-CaBr催化剂可氧化性降低,说明CaB_r2中毒还是影响到催化剂表面的氧化还原循环.催化剂CaBr_2中毒后表面被覆盖减少了反应活性位数量,但表面酸性的增强可能会抵消活性位点损失带来的负面影响.NH_3氧化结果显示,NH_3在L-CaBr催化剂表面发生过氧化反应,特别是高温下生成较多N_2O,降低N_2选择性,这可能是高温下L-CaBr催化剂SCR活性和N_2选择性下降的重要原因.CO_2-TPD结果表明,L-KBr和L-CaBr催化剂表面碱性强度增加,可能有助于增加NO_x物种的吸附量.基于以上活性评价和表征分析结果,我们尝试建立了不同溴化物中毒的催化剂表面酸碱性、氧化还原和催化性能之间的关系.
Alkali and alkaline‐earth metals from fly ash have a significant deactivation effect on catalysts used for selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3(NH3‐SCR).Bromides are considered effective additives to improve Hg0 oxidation on SCR catalysts.In this work,the effects of different bromides(NH4Br,NaBr,KBr,and CaBr2)on a commercial V2O5‐WO3/TiO2 catalyst were studied.NOx conversion decreased significantly over the KBr‐poisoned catalyst(denoted as L‐KBr),while that over NaBr‐and CaBr2‐poisoned catalysts(denoted as L‐NaBr and L‐CaBr,respectivity)decreased to a lesser extent compared with the fresh sample.Poor N2 selectivity was observed over L‐NaBr,L‐KBr and L‐CaBr catalysts.The decrease in the ratio of chemisorbed oxygen to total surface oxygen(Oα/(Oα+Oβ+Ow)),reducibility and surface acidity might contribute to the poor activity and N2 selectivity over L‐KBr catalyst.The increased Oαratio was conducive to the enhanced reducibility of L‐CaBr.Combined with enhanced surface acidity,this might offset the negative effect of the loss of active sites by CaBr2 covering.The overoxidation of NH3 and poor N2 selectivity in NH3 oxidation should retard the SCR activity at high temperatures over L‐CaBr catalyst.The increased basicity might contribute to increased NOx adsorption on L‐KBr and L‐CaBr catalysts.A correlation between the acid‐basic and redox properties of bromide‐poisoned catalysts and their catalytic properties is established.
作者
常化振
史传宁
李明冠
张涛
王驰中
江莉龙
王秀云
Huazhen Chang;Chuanning Shi;Mingguan Li;Tao Zhang;Chizhong Wang;Lilong Jiang;Xiuyun Wang(School of Environment and Natural Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control(SKLESPC),School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350002,Fujian,China)
基金
supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC0203900,2016YFC0203901)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51778619,21577173)~~
