钱谦益诗歌话语中的身份建构

The Identity Construction in the Discourses of QIAN Qianyi's Poems

顺治十八年(1661)二月初四钱谦益夜宴述古堂,创作七律四首,建构起一组多重身份:独立者、抱恨者、文献家、士绅名流。述古堂主人钱曾和诗四首,对钱谦益诗中的多重身份建构持混杂的认同态度。此夜钱谦益另有八首七律,建构了另一组趋向强化的身份:复明活动的拥护者、参与者、指挥者、建功者。这些诗歌话语活动实为个体身份之擦抹特性在具体语境中的呈现,更展现出易代之际的钱谦益亦此亦彼的身份状态,以及所获得的混杂歧异的认同特征。这种身份建构及认同特征,提醒研究者审视钱谦益研究中诗文自饰、贰臣人格等常见范畴,警惕其背后隐含的二元对立思维结构和单一道德叙事倾向。

There was a group of multiple identities constructed in four poems which were written by Qian Qianyi in Shugu Hall on February 4th in Xin Chou Year(1661).These poems constructed the multiple identities of the poet:an independent,a complainer,a documents specialist and a celebrity.Qian Zeng,the host of Shugu Hall,composed four responsorial poems which indicated a complex attitude on such multiple identities.There were also other eight poems at the same night which constructed a strengthen identity of Qian Qianyi:the supporter,participator,director and contributor of the movement of"Rebuilding Ming dynasty".These activities of poetic discourse demonstrated the erasing function of individual identity in specific context,and showed Qian Qianyi's identity of"both this and that"in the process of dynasty changing and the promiscuous and ambiguous identification that he obtained.Such identity construction and identification remind researchers to survey the common categories in studies about him,such as Self decoration with poetry and Erchen personality,and notice the thought structure of binary opposition and the narrative tendency of single morality that hidden in his poems.