青年急性心肌梗死患者危险因素及临床特点分析

Analysis of Risk Factors and Clinical Characteristics in Young Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

目的研究分析青年急性心肌梗死患者的危险因素。方法选取2015年1月~2016年12月确诊为心肌梗死的青年患者76例,分析患者的症状、危险因素(血脂异常、高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、缺乏体力活动)、心绞痛病史及PCI治疗情况以及发病后的救治时间,分析总结青年人AMI患者的临床特征。结果吸烟是最主要危险因素,占64.5%;血脂异常、高血压和糖尿病患病比例偏低,分别占32.5%、25.0%、5.3%;心绞痛病史者占46.1%,首次发病为心肌梗死者占53.9%;单支病变占40.8%,多支病变占44.7%,单纯血栓病变者占14.5%。结论吸烟是导致40岁以下青年患者发生急性心肌梗死的主要危险因素,此类患者具有特殊的发病规律,了解这些特点为临床防治提供依据。

Objective To study and analyze the risk factors of young patients with acute myocardial infarction.Methods Seventy-six cases of patients with acute myocardial infarction in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were collected.The patient’s symptoms,risk factors(dyslipidemia,hypertension,diabetes,smoking,lack of physical activity),angina pectoris and PCI treatment and treatment time after onset were analyzed and the characteristics of young patients with AMI was summarized.Results Smoking was the main risk factor,accounted for 64.5%;dyslipidemia,hypertension and diabetes prevalence rate was low,accounted for 32.5%,25%,5.3%,respectively;angina pectoris accounted for 46.1%,the first incidence of myocardial infarction accounted for 53.9%;single lesions accounted for 40.8%,multivessel disease accounted for 44.7%,simple thrombosis accounted for 14.5%.Conclusion Smoking was a major risk factor for acute myocardial infarction in young patients under 40 years of age who had a special pattern of onset.Understanding these characteristics could provide the basis for clinical prevention and treatment.