物联网分享还是人工智能垄断:马克思主义视野中的数字资本主义

Sharing of Internet of Things or Monopoly of Artificial Intelligence:Digital Capitalism in the Perspective of Marxism

通过重构马克思工艺学批判理论,把对当今数字资本主义和各类极致技术的分析纳入马克思主义框架。工艺革命引发生产力革命。机械性劳动资料使物质生产之动力系统得以自动化运转。新型智能性劳动资料将使大机器体系之智力系统也得以自动化运转。动力系统与智力系统双重的自动化运转,将使作为"社会人的生产器官"之大机器体系完全发育成熟,人类生产力发展将达到极致。工艺革命还引发生产关系革命。当今商业化"局域物联网+人工智能+公司"模式力图将智能性劳动资料封闭、垄断起来并导致更快速积聚,劳动者智力也开始被排斥,劳动更彻底从属资本;而以3D打印机为工具的"万维物联网+人工智能+创客(个人)"则有望开辟出非商业化模式,呈现出开放、分享、碎片化、使劳动资料重新回到劳动者个人手中的新态势,"劳动者的个人所有制"、劳动者之间超越交换价值的点对点的直接社会联系,以及劳动摆脱资本的进程已在工艺上被开启,资本主义更彻底地走向瓦解,生产关系的社会主义革命将由此获得更加坚实的工艺基础。

The paper analyzes the contemporary digital capitalism and various ultimate technologies in the framework of Marxism by reconstructing Marxist criticism of technologies.Technological revolution triggered productivity revolution.“Mechanical”labor materials enable the“dynamic system”of material production to operate automatically,while the new-type“smart”labor materials make the“intelligent system”of big machine system to work automatically.The double automatic operation of dynamic and intelligent systme will enable the big machine system as the“social being’s productive organs”to grow into full maturity,thus achieving utmost human productivity.Meanwhile,technological revolution triggers the revolution of relations of production.Nowadays,as the commercial mode of“local Internet of things+artificial intelligence+businesses”endeavors to enclose and monopolize smart labor materials,which results in accelerated accumulation,the laborer’s intelligence begins to be repelled,and labor subordinates to captical more thoroughly;On the other hand,with the support of the tools of 3D printer,the“non-commercial”mode of“WWW Internet of things+artificial intelligence+Mak-er(individual)”may be created,which will have a new momentum that is open,sharing,fragmented,and that makes labor materials return to the individual laborers.In this way,“Laborer’s individual ownership”,direct social connections beyond exchange values between laborers and the process of labor free from captical,will be initiated;capitalism will collapse in a more dramatic manner;and the socialist revolution of the relations of production will acquire more solid technological foundations accordingly.