“一国两制”下香港特别行政区的国民教育与国家认同

National Education and National Identity in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region under “One Country,Two Systems”

香港的国民教育与国家认同面临着国家认同与本土认同并存相冲、道德文化认同较高而政治认同偏低、本土分离主义蔓延、国民教育推行受阻等现实困境。从历史和法治视角解读"一国两制"的内涵要义,它的道德文化基础是香港与内地共享的传统儒家文明秩序和抽象爱国主义,法治基础是宪法和基本法,由此形成了复合的国家观。这种国家观下的认同观应当坚持"一国两制",即在整体上更趋包容多元,在政治认同层面互相尊重。鉴于此,香港的国民教育应当区分它在道德文化层面国家认同与政治层面国家认同中的不同角色:前者是积极的推动者与倡导者;后者是适度的引导者与协调者。在具体对策上,应当坚守宪法和基本法的根本地位,以理智包容的心态面对历史、现状与未来,探索适合香港的国民教育模式等。

Currently the national education and national identity in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is faced with a series of challenges,including the conflict between national identity and local identity,a high moral cultural identity but a low political identity,the spread of local separatism,and the failure to introduce a national education curriculum in schools.This article interprets the connotation of“One Country,Two Systems”from the historical and legal perspectives,demonstrating that its moral cultural foundation are the traditional Confucian order of civilization and abstract patriotism shared by Hong Kong and the Mainland,and that its legal foundation are the Chinese Constitution and the Basic Law of Hong Kong-all them together formed a compound concept of the nation-state.This article suggests that the identity to be promoted under this nation-state concept should adhere to“One Country,Two Systems”,which means that it should be more inclusive and diverse on the whole,promoting mutual respect,acceptance,recognition and understanding at the level of political identification.In view of this situation,national education in Hong Kong should differentiate its role and function at the level of moral cultural identity and at the level of political identity.The former should be that of an active promoter and advocate,while the latter should be that of a moderate guide and coordinator.As to specific measures,this article suggests that they should stick to the fundamentals of the Chinese Constitution and the Basic Law of Hong Kong,take into account the history,current situation and the future of both the Mainland and Hong Kong with a rational and inclusive attitude,and explore a model of national education suitable for Hong Kong.