从“和蛮”到“窝泥”:哈尼族历史族称演变研究

From Heman to Woni:a Evolution of the Hani People's Historical Ethnic Names

哈尼族是从隋唐时期乌蛮部族中分化形成的一个单一民族,自它形成单一民族起,见诸汉文史籍的族称不胜枚举,但自隋唐到清代的"和蛮""和泥""斡泥""窝泥"等族称,均系他称而非自称。通过考察彝族对哈尼族的称谓,并与历史文献中的哈尼族族称作对比,认为历史文献中哈尼族族称是彝族对哈尼族先民的称谓。又通过对哈尼语和彝语语音对应关系的探讨,认为彝语中对哈尼族称谓其实来自于哈尼族自称,即"和泥""窝泥"等族称的本源是哈尼族的自称"哈尼"。汉文文献中从"和蛮""和泥"到"斡泥""窝泥"等哈尼族族称的演变与彝语相关联。

Hani ethnic is a single ethnic group formed from Wuman tribs during the Sui and Tang dynasties,from when there are many ethnic names recorded in Chinese historical books.but the ethnic names such as Heman Heni Woni which formed from Sui and Tang to Qing dynastywere not they call themselves but others call them.This paper investigates the appellation of Yi to Hani,and making a comparison with historical documents,concluding that the Hani’s ethnic names recorded in historical documents are originated from Yi ethnic language.Alsoit discusses the phonetic correspondence about Yi and Hani language,suggesting that the appellation of Yi to Hani such as Heni Woni came from Hani.