SH40中间砧苹果苗木休眠期假植失水组织解剖结构分析

The Tissue Anatomy Analysis of the Temporary Planting SH40 Interstock Apple Seedling Water Loss during the Period of Dormancy

SH40是目前中国华北地区主要应用的苹果矮化砧木。为了探究生产中冬季假植的SH40中间砧苹果苗木春季土壤解冻后中间砧段率先失水褶皱、随后整株失水现象的机理,以一年生冬季休眠期红富士/SH40/八棱海棠为材料,对基砧、SH40中间砧、接穗的组织解剖结构进行观察分析。结果表明,中间砧的周皮厚度显著大于其他部位,是表皮蒸腾量低的原因之一;中间砧的材部横切面积占横断面积的比例及材皮比均显著小于接穗;中间砧的管腔直径显著大于接穗的管腔直径,故当存在水势差时,中间砧段内水分流向接穗及根部,导致中间砧段率先失水褶皱。

Currently,SH40 is the major application of apple dwarfing rootstocks in North China.In practice,SH40 interstocks segment of apple seedling temporary planted would have the phenomena that lose water and occur wrinkles first at interstocks segment and then even expand to the whole plant after spring soil thaws which is prejudicial to the production extremely.This study uses annual winter hibernation Fuji/SH40/Robusta as material and research tissue anatomy of the rootstock,SH40 interstocks and the scion.The results showed that:(1)the periderm thickness of the interstock segment was larger than that of other parts significantly,which was one of reasons that caused low epidermal transpiration volume.(2)The ratio of wood departmental area/transverse area and wood/bark of interstock segment were less than that of the scion significantly.(3)The lumen diameter of the interstock segment was larger than that of the lumen diameter of scions.Therefore the water flowed from the interstock segment to the scion and roots,which leads shrink and folding phenomena firstly after lifting,when there was water potential difference.