国际邮件邮寄进境动物检疫风险分析

Risk Analysis of Inspection and Quarantine towards Entry Animals Delivered by International Mails

近年来,我国各地口岸频繁截获邮寄进境活动物的国际邮件,截获邮件次数和活动物数量明显增加。2015—2017年,浙江出入境检验检疫局截获邮寄活动物的次数分别为2、9、20次,数量分别为3、279、183只;截获的动物种类包括节肢动物、爬行动物、两栖动物以及果蝇等。这些活动物主要来源于日本、德国、马来西亚等国家,大部分不是我国的原生物种,具有攻击性或毒性,对我国存在外来生物和病原微生物入侵威胁。分析认为,邮寄入境活动物次数及数量增长的主要原因为另类宠物饲养风潮的兴起、邮寄渠道的隐蔽性,以及国际邮件监管不严、违法成本较小等。建议加强口岸查验力度,严格行政监管,加强信息互联和风险分析,加大宣传力度,从而降低非法邮寄进境活动物的检疫风险。

In recent years,international mails that mail live animals into China have been frequently intercepted at China's ports.The frequency of intercepted mails and the quantity of live animals increase obviously.From 2015 to 2017,the times of Zhejiang Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau intercepting such mails were 2,9 and 20 respectively and the numbers of live animals were 3,279 and 183,respectively.Including arthropods,reptiles,amphibians and fruit flies,these intercepted animals were mainly from Japan,Germany,Malaysia,and other countries,most of them were not native species of China and were aggressive or toxic,so their entry would pose a threat of bringing exotic organisms and pathogenic microorganism into China.According to the analysis,the reasons for the increase in frequency and quantity of such mails were mainly the growing interest of keeping alternative pets,concealment of mailing channels,the slack supervision towards international mails and the low costs of such illegal behaviour.In order to decrease the risk caused by such animals,some recommendations were put forward,such as strengthening inspection and quarantine at ports,performing administrative supervision strictly,intensifying information interconnection and risk analysis,as well as strengthening publicity.