深圳市2417名孕妇季节性流感疫苗接种情况及影响因素调查

Seasonal Influenza Vaccination and influencing Factors in 2417 Pregnant Women in Shenzhen

目的掌握深圳市孕妇流感疫苗的接种情况及其影响因素,为进一步推广和开展孕妇流感疫苗接种工作提供参考。方法采用二阶段整群抽样方法,对2016年在深圳市两所妇儿医院建册的具有流感疫苗接种条件的产妇开展面对面问卷调查。结果共回收有效问卷2417份,孕期流感疫苗总体接种率为0.91%(22/2417),接种人群职业以医生为主(72.72%,16/22),愿意接种疫苗的主要原因是医生推荐(100.00%,22/22)和政府推荐(54.54%,12/22),不愿意接种的主要原因为不知道孕妇可以接种(91.56%,2213/2417)、担心副反应(87.38%,2112/2417)和担心疫苗的安全性问题(52.46%,1268/2417)。多因素Logistics回归分析结果显示:深圳户籍、医生职业、医生推荐接种、是否了解接种政策是促进孕妇接种流感疫苗的因素。结论政府及相关卫生部门大力推广孕妇接种流感疫苗的必要性、有效性及安全性知识,医生在医疗保健过程中对孕妇接种流感疫苗进行宣教,是最关键和有效的措施。

b jective To find out about the effect of vaccination and influencing factors of influenza(influenza)vaccination in pregnant women in Shenzhen,and to provide reference for more effective influenza vaccination for pregnant women.M ethods Pregnant women who were eligible for influenza vaccination and registered in two maternity and child health care hospitals in 2016 were selected using cluster sampling method.Then,face-to-face questionnaires were distributed among them.R esults A total of 2417 valid questionnaires were received.The overall influenza vaccination rate during pregnancy was 0.91%(22/2417).The majority of the vaccinated populations were doctors,accounting for 72.72%(16/22).The main reason for vaccination was the doctor's recommendation(100%,22/22)and the government recommendation(54.5 4%,12/22).The main reason to reject vaccination was a lack of the knowledge that pregnant women could be vaccinated(91.56%,2213/2417),concerns about the side effects(87.3 8%,2112/2417),and safety concerns(52.4 6%,1268/2417).The results of multivariate analysis showed that such factors as household registration,occupation,physicians'recommendation,vaccination policy,side effects,and vaccine safety were associated with the rate of vaccination.Conclusion The government and related health departments ought to vigorously promote the knowledge of the effectiveness and safety of influenza vaccines for pregnant women.It is the most critical and effective measure for doctors to teach pregnant women about influenza vaccination in the process of health care.